Navigational Emergencies, Shiphandling and Maneuvering Flashcards
A “Mediterranean moor” should be used when _______.
when docking stern to a berth
A bow thruster : I. is effective in slowing down a vessel II. loses effectiveness when the vessel’s speed exceeds 3 knots III. provides lateral control without affecting headway
II and III only
A common occurrence when a vessel is running into shallow water is that:
squat will cause a decrease in bottom clearance and an increase in draft
A drift lead indicates that the vessel is dragging anchor when the line is ________.
taut and leading forward
A large vessel is equipped with a controllable pitch propeller. Which statement is true?
When dead in the water, it is often difficult to find the neutral position and slight headway or sternway may result
A person has fallen overboard and is being picked up with a lifeboat. If the person appears in danger of drowning, the lifeboat should make __________.
the most direct approach
A right handed single screw ship, when taking turning circle both port and starboard at same speed and rudder angles, which side will probably have the larger area of turn?
starboard side
A rule of thumb in the handling of VLCC is that, for every _____ degrees change in heading, she losses _____ of her headway.
90/ 25 - 30%
A ship is having a slow speed, by using the backing maneuver, the ship is considered to be dead on the water when the _____.
quickwater reaches the amidships
A ship is not turning around the center of gravity, but another point. What is this point called?
Pivot point
A ship is said to have a positive directional stability when:
she tends to steady up when the rudder turned to amidships position
A ship is turning around a point called the “pivot point”. What is the position of this invisible point when the ship is “dead” in the water?
About same position as the center of gravity
A ship under headway can make a smaller turning radius if the pivot is:
close to the bow
A single-screw vessel going ahead tends to turn more rapidly to port because of propeller _______.
sidewise force
A stream of water immediately surrounding a moving vessel’s hull, flowing in the same direction as the vessel is known as ________.
wake current
A twin screw vessel, making headway with both engines turning ahead, will turn more readily to starboard if you ________.
reverse starboard engine, apply right rudder
A twin-screw vessel can clear the inboard propeller and maneuver off a pier best by holding a(n) ______.
forward spring line and going slow ahead on the outboard engine
A twin-screw vessel is easier to maneuver than a single-screw vessel because the twin-screw vessel ______________.
can turn without using her rudder
A twin-screw vessel with a single rudder is making headway. The engines are full speed ahead. There is no wind or current. Which statement is FALSE?
Turning response by use of the rudder only is greater than on a single-screw vessel.
A vessel in shallow water might experience:
squatting
A vessel is docked portside to a lock. Which of the following would be the best way to undock a vessel off a lock with no wind?
cast off all lines aft, then all lines forward, left rudder, bow thruster to starboard, dead slow ahead
A vessel is equipped with a single right-handed screw. With rudder amidships and calm wind, the vessel will most likely back _____________.
to port
A vessel is equipped with twin propellers, both turning outboard with the engines half ahead. If there is no wind or current and the rudders are amidships, what will happen?
The vessel will steer a fairly straight course
A vessel is tide rode when it is _______?
at anchor and stemming the current
A vessel reduce speed without backing. The rate that her speed through the water decreases depends primarily on the ______.
vessel’s displacement
A vessel towing with a total length of 1350 meters, expecting strong wind from starboard side. The towing wire is connected 20 meters from towing vessels stern rail. What is to be done?
Secure the wire all way aft, to prevent wire moving out of center
A vessel will “squat” when it proceeds underway ______.
in all depths of water
A VLCC(100,000 DWT + ) with a 30,000 shaft horsepower steam turbine is slow to respond to engine movements and has less stopping power than normal ships because it has a:
bigger propeller
A wedge of water building up between the bow and nearer bank forces the bow out and away describes:
bank cushion
Adequate horsepower is of great importance when a ship is navigating independently in ice. Adequate horsepower is generally considered to exist when the horsepower to length ratio is at least ________.
6 to 1 or better
After casting off moorings at a mooring buoy in calm weather, you should ______.
back away a few lengths to clear the buoy and then go ahead on the engines
An execution by swinging out the ship with maximum wheel either port or starboard and subsequently reversing the wheel so that the ship’s head swings out to, but not beyond 60° from the original course; then continue to swing back with full wheel, finally steadying on the reciprocal course to original. This execution is called:
Williamson Turn
As a general rule, a ULCC should not have a speed in any direction greater than what speed when touching berth?
0.10 knots
As a general rule, a VLCC should not have a speed in any direction greater than what speed when touching berth?
0.15 knots
As a general rule, for most large merchant vessels, squat effects what part of the vessel?
bow
As a rule, ships of most configurations, when drifting in calm water with negligible current, will lie _______.
beam to the wind
As a ship moves through the water, it causes a wake, which is also moving forward relative to the sea. In addition to a fore and aft motion, this wake also has a (n) _______.
upward and inward flow
As a ships moves through the water , it drags with it a body of water called the wake. The ratio of the wake speed to the ship’s speed is called_________
wake fraction
As the propeller turns, voids are formed on the trailing and leading edges of the propeller blades causing a loss of propulsive efficiency, pitting of the blades, and vibration. These voids are known as _________.
cavitation
Basic signals and maneuvers are common in any ports of the world, in these case ports of USA. The use of ship’s whistle to communicate with tug(s),one long blast means:
Come ahead full slow
Before entering an ice area, the ship should be _______.
trimmed down by the stern
Bow or aft thrusters are sometimes preferable than tugs because:
it is always available
Conditions for crossing a rough bar are usually best at ______.
high water slack
Do you think a ship’s trim has any influence an steering abilities?
Yes, the ship usually steer better if trimmed by the stern
Do you think there is any reduction in the rudder lift force if the propeller is stopped?
Yes, the lift force will be dramatically reduced
During a double banking operation the off-take or smaller vessel generally provides the moorings. If wires are used it is recommended that rope tails are fitted onto the ends of the wires. This is to:
All the listed alternatives
During a mooring operation whilst underway it is recommended that, with one ship maintaining a constant course and speed, the other maneuvers so that:
The maneuvering vessel presents her port side to the constant direction vessel
Find the scope of an anchor cable with eight shackles paid out in a depth of 25 meters.
8.7
Find the scope of an anchor cable with eight shackles paid out in a depth of 96 feet.
7.5
Find the scope of an anchor cable with five shackles paid out in a depth of 67 feet.
6.7
Find the scope of an anchor cable with four shackles paid out in a depth of 11 meters.
ten
Find the scope of an anchor cable with four shackles paid out in a depth of 36 feet.
ten
Find the scope of an anchor cable with six shackles paid out in a depth of 72 feet.
7.5
Find the scope of an anchor cable with six shackles paid out in a depth of 77 feet.
seven
Find the scope of an anchor cable with three shackles paid out in a depth of 45 feet.
six
Flanking rudders effect a vessel’s heading because of the ______.
effect of the propeller flow on the rudders
For a right handed single screw vessel it is easier to berth ______.
port side to the wharf
For operations in pack ice, a vessel should ______.
have a drag of not more than 2 to 3 feet
For the deepest water when negotiating a bend in a river, you should always navigate your vessel:
toward the outside bend of the river
For the deepest water when rounding a bend in a river, you should navigate your vessel ______.
toward the inside of the bend
For which type of vessel is sinkage most pronounced?
High block coefficient vessel
For which type of vessel is squatting most pronounced?
Vessel with a high block coefficient
Generally, you can best keep a vessel under steering control when the vessel has ________.
headway
Good seamanship while towing in heavy weather requires all of the following EXCEPT ____________.
streaming all of your towing hawser
Handling a ship in a channel, a Pilot should break a sheer in narrow channel by:
increasing engine RPM
How can you minimize the squat effect?
Decrease in draft to the point on your ship which is closest to the bottom
How do we define the location of the “pivot point”?
The point where the sideways motion of the ship’s centerline is zero
How do you consider the indicated speed for berthing?
too fast
How does a vessel’s rate of turn change when entering shallow water?
there is no change
How is shallow water effect felt in a vessel?
The vessel becomes sluggish in responding to the rudder
How many fathoms are in a shot of anchor cable?
15
How many fathoms are there in 2 shots of anchor chain?
30
How many fathoms are there in 3 shots of anchor chain?
45
How many feet are there in 4 shots of anchor chain?
360
How many feet are there in five shots of anchor chain?
450
How many feet are there in one shot of anchor chain?
90
How many turns of wire normally mark either side of the shackle 105 fathoms from the anchor?
7 turns
How many turns of wire normally mark either side of the shackle 120 fathoms from the anchor’s
8 turns
How many turns of wire normally mark either side of the shackle 45 fathoms from the anchor?
3 turns
How will you define “squat”?
Increase in draft to the point on your ship which is closest to the bottom
How will you turn a ship quickly in a following current to make her stern the current in restricted water?
by dragging one anchor and astern engine
If a crewmember has fallen overboard during the hours of darkness and you immediately execute a Williamson turn, what is the primary advantage of this maneuver under these circumstance exams?
You will be in a reciprocal course and nearly on the track line run during the night
If a double banking operation is being conducted with one ship at anchor (which is yawing due to weather condition) and one tug is available for assisting in the operation, the tug should:
Endeavour to hold the anchored/yawing vessel steady
If a nylon mooring rope gets wet by immersion in water it undergoes:
A decrease in strength of 20%
If a ship of 15,000 tons deadweight fitted with steam turbine has an astern power of 60,000 knot-tons, what is the speed of the ship?
12 knots
If a VLCC is proceeding at 12 knots, her headway is reduced to what speed at the completion of a round turn even though the engine continues to run ahead of steerageway?
2 to 3 knots
If the speed of a ship is increased during a turn, the tactical diameter becomes (or remains):
smaller
If your propeller is racing in rough weather, you should _______.
decrease your engine speed
In a following sea, a wave has overtaken your vessel and thrown the stern to starboard. To continue along your original course, you should _______.
use more left rudder
In an emergency and the anchor is dropped while at full ahead, do not slack the cable as soon as the anchor holds.
FALSE
In an emergency and the anchor is dropped while at full ahead, do not slack the cable as soon as the anchor holds.
TRUE
In anchoring against a strong current or tidal stream, the anchor should be let-go in order to keep her head-to-stream. Best precautions during let-go is:
Engine stopped and gradually paid out cables
In anchoring, using the scope of 6, determine the number of shackles to be used if the depth of water is 35 meters?
7.5 shackles
In docking, when approaching the berth at one knot, how many meters is the ship’s advance in one minute?
31 meters
In maneuvering the ship in a restricted area or in a narrow channel by executing backing and filling maneuver, which side would be easier to maneuver the ship?
starboard side
In maneuvering the ship in a restricted area or in a narrow channel, which side would be easier to maneuver the ship using the backing and filling maneuver?
starboard side
In most cases, when a large merchant vessel enters shallow water at high speed the ______.
bow will squat farther than the stern
In order to back a right-handed, single -crew vessel in a straight line, you will probably need to use _______.
some right rudder
In order to reduce your wake in a narrow channel you should _______.
reduce your speed
In principles of shiphandling, which factor that a master or a pilot has no direct control of the ship?
shallow water factor
In relation to the turning circle of the ship, the term “advance” means the distance:
gained in the direction of the original course and maximum when ship turned 90°
In ship handling in shallow water, you will notice that the water is boiling up around the _____.
vessel’s stern
In ship handling on ice, there are differentiation among ice formation. The initial stage in the freezing of sea water, when it assumes a greasy appearance and a scum of ice crystals is formed on the surface, is referred to as:
sludge or slush
In ship handling with a following sea, a vessel will tend to _____.
yaw
In ship handling, as a general rule, if your vessel is drifting in calm waters with negligible current, the wind will maneuver your vessel until it strikes the vessel _______.
on or near the beam
In ship handling, as the beam increases for a given length, it is apparent that the directional stability:
decreases
In ship handling, as the under keel clearance decreases, it is apparent that the directional stability:
decreases
In ship handling, how will the vessel lie relative to the wind when drifting with no way on if it has most of its superstructure forward?
With the wind from abaft the beam
In ship handling, if you notice that you are racing your propeller in rough weather, you should:
decrease your engine speed
In ship handling, when you are turning a ship in restricted space, it is normally best to _____.
turn so that the tendency to back into the wind can be used if on a single-screw vessel
In ship handling, which of the following actions will reduce the yawing of a vessel in a following sea?
shifting weights to the stern
In ship handling, which of the following statements concerning the handling characteristics of a fully loaded vessel as compared with those of a light vessel is FALSE?
A fully loaded vessel will maintain her headway further
