Navigation Flashcards
How many metres in a nautical mile?
1852m
How to correct date if crossing the international date line:
If crossing westbound, add a day; if crossing eastbound, go back a day
What is the effect of temperature on Mach#?
Increase in temperature will decrease Mach#, vice versa
What is the effect of density on Mach#?
Increase in density will decrease Mach#, vice versa
What is the consequence of wind on PNR?
PNR moves closer to the departure point with any wind.
Examples of great and small circles on earth:
Great Circles: Equator, all meridians of longitude; Small Circles: All parallels of attitude except the equator
Factors that affect twilight (How?)
Latitude (main one - increase in latitude=increase in twilight); Season (Greater in summer); Height of observer (Higher = less)
Formula for calculating chart scale:
Scale = Earth distance/Chart Distance
What is a magnetic pole on earth?
Where earth’s magnetic fields point downwards.
Earth tilt axis in degrees:
23.5 degrees
Convert 1 degree/1 minute of latitude at the equator to nautical miles:
1 degree latitude = 60nm; 1 minute latitude = 1nm
What is a rhumb line?
A line that crosses all meridians of longitude at the same angle.
Rhumb lines/Great circles on Lambert Chart
Great circles are straight, rhumb lines are concave to the nearest pole.
In the Northern/Southern Hemisphere, a great circle will always lie North/South of rhumb line.
In the Northern Hemisphere, a great circle will always lie North of rhumb line. In the Southern Hemisphere, a great circle will always lie South of rhumb line.
Equivalent Still Air Distance formula:
ESAD=(Distance/Groundspeed)xTAS
What is the consequence of wind on ETP?
ETP moves into the wind. (Tailwind on outbound - moves closer to departure point; Headwind on outbound - moves closer to destination)
Definition of MCT/ECT
When the centre of the rising/setting sun’s disc is 6 degrees below the horizon
Rhumb lines/Great circles on Mercator Chart
Rhumb lines are straight; Great circles are convert to the nearest pole (MRS. G Convex Pole/Mercator likes his rhumb straight)
When is a chart orthomorphic?
Orthomorphism is regarding ideal properties of a chart. All parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitude must intersect at 90 degrees. Scale of the chart must be correct.
What sort of projections are used for mid latitude charts/maps?
Lambert conformal projection
No. of satellites required for: 2D fix; 3D fix; RAIM; RAIM with FDE; RAIM with Barometric aiding
2D fix: 3; 3D fix 4; RAIM: 5; RAIM+FDE: 6; RAIM Alerting with Barometric Aiding: 4
Convert 1 foot to metre:
1 foot = .3048m
What is RVR?
Horizontal visibility along the runway as seen from a point 5m above the touchdown point.
Difference between visibility and visibility range
Visibility is only affected by the transparency of air (pollutants etc.); Visibility range is affected by colour/sun/moon/whiteout
