Navigation Flashcards
Isoganals join what?
Places having the same variation
True vegans make dull company
True Variation Magnetic Deviation Compass
Variation East
Variation west
Magnetic least
Magnetic best
Where treacle crosses multiple isoganals where should variation be taken
Where the greatest segment of the track occurs. Measure to the nearest whole degree
What is deviation
Angular difference between magnetic direction and compass direction
Deviation East
Deviation west
Deviation East compass least
Deviation west compass best
What is true bearing
Angular difference from true north of a line drawn between two point
What is relative bearing
The bearing of an object measured clockwise in degrees from the nose of the aircraft
Airspeed ICET
Indicated
Calibrated - position/instrument err
Equivalent - compressibility > 200kts
True - density
Relationship between IAS and TAS
When density falls, TAS higher for given IAS. TAS is IAS adjusted for density.
Heading vector
—->— single arrowhead
Track/ground speed vector
—»— double arrowhead
Wind speed/direction vector
—»>— triple arrowhead
Wind velocity from Metservice and Flight Information Service is True or Magnetic?
True
Wind velocity from Air Traffic Control, Flight Service at attended airports and UNICOM at uncontrolled airfields is True or Magnetic?
Magnetic
What is drift
The angle from the HDG/TAS vector to the TR/GS vector. Easy way to think if port or starboard drift is to think what way aircraft would drift if heading was track. Whichever way the aircraft would drift is the drift direction.
When dealing with wind components is a headwind positive or negative
Negative
When dealing with wind components is a tailwind positive or negative
Positive
The angular difference between a track and the wind direction is called
Wind angle
Wind correction angle is
The correction to allow for drift to fly a flight planned or required track
Definition of altitude
Vertical distance measured from mean sea level
Definition of pressure altitude
QNE. A surface of constant pressure related to a specific datum 1013.2 hPa measured in hundreds of feet (FL150 is 15000 ft. Commonly referred to as flight levels, and used over 15000 ft.
QNH
Mean sea level pressure. When set, altimeter reads altitude.
All aircraft 13000 ft and below use altitude
Set QNH on descent at 15000
QFE
Pressure of a selected datum. When set altimeter reads height above datum (eg airfield$
QNE
ISA sea level pressure. When set altimeter reads flight levels.
Used > 15000 ft.
Set QNE on ascent at 13000
Also called pressure altitude
When flying from an area of high pressure to low pressure the altimeter will
Over read
High low high
30ft/hPa
When flying from an area of low pressure to high pressure the altimeter will
Under read
Low high low
30ft/hPa
NOSE
North odd + 500 - 270M to 89M
South even + 500 - 90M to 269M
IFR don’t add 500
Time zone for Greenwich and NZ
Greenwich Zulu
NZ Mike
NZST
UTC + 12
NZDT
UTC + 13
D = bakers dozen
Sunrise and sunset
When first/last part of sun visible
Daylight
Morning twilight + sunlight + evening twilight
Morning Civil Twilight (MCT)
When the centre of the sun is 6* below the sensible horizon
Evening Civil Twilight (ECT)
When the centre of the sun is 6* below the sensible horizon
What features affect daylight
Altitude - may be in sunlight at altitude but lose it when descending
Atmospheric conditions - clouds and rain
Obstructions - mountains
Take these into account when planning a flight terminating neat ECT
Daylight zones found
AIP vol 4 gen 2.7
How are common frequency zones indicated
Blue open diamonds
How are MBZs indicated
Solid blue dots
How are control zones (CTR) indicated
Solid blue lines
How are control areas indicated
Solid purple lines
What colour is used for instrument aerodromes
Purple
What colour is used for visual aerodromes
Blue
Are bearings on aerodrome charts magnetic or true
Magnetic
Make sure know legends on VPC VNC and Aerodrome charts
.
What is EET
Estimated elapsed time
Define track error
The angle between the required track and the TMG
When marking a DR position on a chart use what symbol
Triangle with dot and time
What is a dead reckoning position (DR)
Places you anticipate you will be at a certain time based on track made good and ground speed
How to mark visual fix on chart
Circle with dot and time
What is set heading time (s/h)
When you settle on heading for first leg of flight
What is the angular difference between flight planned track and flight planned heading
Flight planned drift
What is the angular difference between heading and track made good
Actual drift
What is the angular difference between flight planned track and track made good
Track error
Formula for 1 in 60 rule
60/distance gone x distance off = track error
Should not be used if angle > 15 degrees
GPS should use which geodetic system
WGS84
How many satellites are required for RAIM accuracy
- 6 are required to isolate an unacceptable satellite
