Navigation 2/4 Flashcards
What calculations do you need to make before a cross country trip?
Time, speed, distance, fuel required
Calculation for time of flight?
Distance/ground speed
Calculate time of flight: 210nm @ AGS of 140kts
210/140 = 1.5 hours = 1 hr 30 minutes
Distance flown in a given time
AGS * time = distance in nautical miles
Calculate AGS using distance flown & time required
Distance flown/time required = AGS
270nm in 3 hours = 270/3 = 90kts
What is 1 knot
1 nautical mile per hour (nmph)
How many feet in a nautical mile?
6076.1ft
How many feet in a statute mile?
5280 feet
Convert knots to miles
Knots * 1.15 = mph
Calculate quantity of fuel required for 400nm at an GS of 100kts. @ 5gal/hour
Time in flight * rate of consumption = quantity of fuel required
4 hours * 100kts = 400nm
4*5 = 20gal
What are factors that influence rate of fuel consumption
Condition of the engine, propeller & rotor pitch, propeller/rotor rpms, richness of the mixture, % of horsepower used for flight at cruising speed.
Approximate fuel consumption rate can be found where?
Cruise performance charts in POH or from experience
What is a plotter used for?
It is a protractor and ruler. You can use it when determining true course and measuring distance.
Define pilotage
Navigation by reference to landmarks to visual checkpoints. A method of navigation that can be used on any course that has adequate checkpoints but it is more commonly used in conjunction with dead reckoning and VFR radio navigation. The checkpoint selected should be prominent features common to the area of flight.
Describe common checkpoints used for pilotage. What features can be used as defining brackets around the course?
Roads, rivers, railroads, lakes, power lines. Features could be highways, rivers, railroads, and mountains
What is the scale for a sectional chart?
1 inch = 8 statute miles or 6.86 nautical miles
Never approach antennas less than ___ft above the tallest one
500ft
What is dead reckoning? What products are derived from what variables?
Navigation solely by means of computations based on time, airspeed, distance, and direction. Products derived from these variables when adjusted by wind speed and velocity are heading and ground speed
In dead reckoning, what does the calculated heading and ground speed establish?
Calculated heading takes the aircraft along the desired true course. Ground speed establishes the time required to arrive at each checkpoint and the destination
When is dead reckoning used?
It is usually used with pilotage for cross country flying, except over water.
What do you do with heading and GS as calculated during dead reckoning?
Pilot constantly monitors these and corrects them by pilotage as observed from checkpoints
What does title 14 of the code of federal regulations part 91 state about flight planning?
Before beginning a flight, the pilot in command of an aircraft shall become familiar with all available information concerning that flight. For flights not in the vicinity of an airport, this information includes info on:
- available current weather reports and forecasts
- alternate airports available
- known traffic delays of which the pilot of command has been advised by ATC
What material does title 14 state the pilot needs?
- An appropriate current sectional chart, along with charts for areas adjoining the flight route if route of flight is near boarder of a chart
- Flight computer or electronic calculator
- Plotter
- Any other item appropriate to the particular flight (ie flashlight if it is night flight, water if over a desert)
What should you do before proceeding with flight planning?
Weather check to see if flight is feasible and which route is best.
