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Private Pilot > Flight Instruments Part 1/3 > Flashcards

Flight Instruments Part 1/3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Pitot-Static system

A

Combined system that utilizes the static air pressure and dynamic air pressure due to the motion of the aircraft through the air.

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2
Q

What is the Pitot-Static System used for?

A

Operation of the airspeed indicator (ASI), altimeter, and vertical speed indicator (VSI)..

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3
Q

What does a pitot tube do?

A

Utilized to measure the total combined pressures that are present when an aircraft moves through the air.

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4
Q

What is static pressure?

A

aka ambient pressure; it is the barometric pressure in the local area. It is always present whether or not the aircraft is moving or at rest;

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5
Q

What is dynamic pressure?

A

Present only when an aircraft is in motion, therefore it is pressure due to motion.

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6
Q

Total pressure is made up of:

A

Dynamic pressure + Static pressure

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7
Q

Instrument that utilizes static and dynamic pressure:

A

ASI (airspeed indicator)

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8
Q

What instruments utilize static pressure

A

VSI (vertical speed indicator)

& Altimeter.

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9
Q

Altimeter: What does the small hand indicate?

A

Altitudes in 10,000 ft increments

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10
Q

Altimeter: what does the intermediate hand indicate?

A

Altitudes in 1,000 ft increments

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11
Q

Altimeter: what does the longest hand indicate?

A

Altitudes in 100 ft increments

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12
Q

What does the altimeter dial do?

A

Makes adjustments for non-standard pressures by setting the corrected pressure into a barometric scale on the face of the altimeter.

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13
Q

What changes how the altimeter meter functions?

A

Barometric pressure & Temperature; “High to Low = Look out below!”

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14
Q

What would happen with an unadjusted altimeter when flying from a high pressure area to a low pressure area?

A

Height above ground would be lower than what is displayed

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15
Q

What would happen with an unadjusted altimeter when flying from a low pressure area to a high pressure area?

A

Height above ground would be higher than what is displayed

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16
Q

Good practice for using your altimeter?

A

Frequently obtain altimeter settings enroute.

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17
Q

How does cold air influence the altimeter?

A

Cold air is denser than warm air, the altitude will be lower than what the altimeter displays. “Hot to cold = look out below”

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18
Q

What is a Kollsman window?

A

Barometric pressure setting window on the altimeter

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19
Q

Define altimeter setting:

A

Station pressure reduced to sea level

It’s only accurate in the vicinity of the reporting station

Must be adjusted during flight to maintain accuracy

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20
Q

Altitude is a relevant term ONLY:

A

when it is stated to which type of altitude a pilot is referring.

It is normally referred to as an altitude above sea level since this is the altitude used to depict obstacles and airspace & separate traffic

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21
Q

Name 5 types of altitudes

A
  1. Indicated Altitude
  2. True Altitude
  3. Absolute Altitude
  4. Pressure Altitude
  5. Density Altitude
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22
Q

As the atmospheric pressure changes, how does the static system remain functional?

A

Static chamber is vented through small holes to the free undisturbed air on the sides of the aircraft.

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23
Q

What is the Altimeter

A

Instrument that measures the height of an aircraft above a given pressure level.

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24
Q

What is an aneroid wafer?

A

Sealed wafer that is evacuated to an internal pressure of 29.92” Hg. They expand/contract with changes to the static pressure.

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25
Q

How does a higher static pressure affect the Altimeters aneroid wafers?

A

Causes them to collapse, which moves mechanical gears that result in a displayed decrease in altitude

26
Q

Altimeter adjustments for non-standard pressures are accomplished via:

A

Setting the correct pressure into a barometric scale located on the face of the altimeter.

27
Q

What is “Altitude above Sea Level”

A

This is the type of altitude that altitude normally refers to. Used to depict obstacles and airspace. Used to separate air traffic

28
Q

What is Altitude?

A

Vertical distance above some point used as a reference.

29
Q

Name some true altitudes

A

Airport, terrain, obstacle elevations on aeronautical charts

30
Q

What is pressure altitude used for?

A

Used to compute:

  • Density Altitude
  • True Altitude
  • TAS (true airspeed)
  • Performance Data
31
Q

What is indicated altitude?

A
  1. Indicated Altitude - read directly from the altimeter uncorrected when it is set to the current altimeter setting
32
Q

What is True Altitude?

A

True Altitude - Vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level (actual altitude). “Feet above MSL aka mean sea level”

33
Q

What is Absolute Altitude?

A

Absolute Altitude - vertical distance of an aircraft above the terrain/ground level (AL; above ground level)

34
Q

What is Pressure Altitude?

A

Pressure Altitude - altitude indicated when altimeter setting window is set to 29.92” Hg

35
Q

What is density altitude?

A

Density Altitude - Pressure Altitude corrected for non-standard temperature. When conditions are standard, pressure altitude = density altitude

36
Q

What is AFFS?

A

Automated flight service station

37
Q

Name reliable sources for flight condition data.

A

AFFS
ATIS
AWOS
ASOS

38
Q

If the altimeter is off more than __ft than the surveyed field elevation of the airport, it should be checked by a certified repair station for recalibration

A

75ft

39
Q

What is VSI and what does it do?

A

Vertical speed indicator (ft per minute). It tells you if you’re climbing or descending

40
Q

How does the VSI work?

A

A pressure differential is measured between the case & the inside of an expandable diaphragm. The diaphragm uses direct static pressure while the case uses delayed static pressure (with a calibrated leak).

41
Q

What is the ASI? Give detail.

A

Airspeed indicator.

42
Q

What is the ASI and how does it work.

A

airspeed indicator. It is a differential pressure gauge that measures and indicates the difference between Pitot (impact pressure; dynamic pressure) and static pressure.

43
Q

What kind of pressure does the pitot tube capture?

A

Impact pressure (dynamic pressure)

44
Q

Name 4 types of airspeeds

A
  1. Indicated airspeed (IAS)
  2. Calibrated airspeed (CAS)
  3. True airspeed (TAS)
  4. Ground speed (GS)
45
Q

What is indicated airspeed?

A

The direct instrument reading obtained from the ASI, uncorrected for variations in atmospheric density, installation error, or instrument error

46
Q

Name different IAS

A

IAS = indicated air speed.

Takeoff, landing, stall speeds listed in the AFM, POH do not vary with altitude or temperature

47
Q

What is calibrated airspeed?

A

CAS. IAS corrected for installation error and instrument error. It is not possible to eliminate all errors. At certain speeds and flap settings, the installation and instrument errors may tumble several knots. In cruising and higher airspeed ranges, IAS & CAS are approximately the same

48
Q

In cruising and higher airspeed ranges, IAS & CAS are…

A

approximately the same.

49
Q

What is true airspeed?

A

TAS. CAS corrected for altitude and non-standard temperature. Used for flight planning and used when filing a flight plan.

50
Q

How can a pilot find TAS?

A

2 methods:

  1. More accurate: Using a flight computer. The CAS is corrected for temp and pressure variation by using the airspeed correction scale on the computer
  2. Approximate CAS: Add 2% to the CAS for each 1000ft of altitude.
51
Q

What is ground speed

A

GS. The actual speed of the airplane over the ground. It is TAS adjusted for wind. GS decreases with a headwind and increases with a tailwind.

52
Q

Name color coded ASI markings

A 
V_SO
V_S1
White Arch
V_FE
V_NO
Yellow arc
V_NE (red line)
53
Q

What is V_SO ASI?

A

Stalling speed or. minimum steady flight speed in a landing configuration

54
Q

What is V_S1 ASI?

A

Lower limit of the green arch. Stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed obtained in a specified configuration. For most aircraft this is the power off stall speed at the maximum take off weight in a clean configuration - gear up and flaps up.

55
Q

What is the white arch ASI?

A

Flap operating range. Lower limit represents full flap stall speed. Upper limit provides maximum flap speed.

56
Q

What is the yellow arc ASI?

A

Caution range. Fly in this range only in smooth air. Then only with caution

57
Q

What is V_NO ASI?

A

Upper limit of Green arch. Maximum structural cruising speed. Do not exceed except in smooth air.

58
Q

What is V_FE ASI?

A

Upper limit of white arc. Maximum speed with the flaps extended.

59
Q

What is the V_NE (red line) ASI?

A

Never exceed speed. Operating above this is prohibited and may result in damage or structural failure

60
Q

Name airspeeds that are not always marked on the face of the ASI. Where can they be found?

A
  1. V_a: Design maneuvering speed. Maximum speed at which structural design limit load can be imposed either by gusts or by full deflection of control surfaces without causing structural damage
  2. V_s: Best angle of climb speed
  3. V_y: best rate of climb speed. Provides most altitude gain in given period of time

Private Pilot (13 decks)

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