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Private Pilot > Aircraft Systems Part 2/2 > Flashcards

Aircraft Systems Part 2/2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name parts of a spark engine ignition system

A

L & R magnetos, spark plugs, high tension leads, ignition switch

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2
Q

Name 5 positions of the ignition system

A
  1. Off
  2. R (right)
  3. L (left)
  4. Both
  5. Start
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3
Q

Where is the permissible RPM decrease from the Mag switch listed?

A

AFM or POH

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4
Q

If there is an excessive RPM drop or the engine stops running from switching to 1 magneto, what could be the cause?

A
  • Fouled plugs
  • Broken or shorted wires btw mags & plugs
  • Improperly timed firing of plugs
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5
Q

No drop in RPM is

A

NOT normal. Airplane should not be flown.

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6
Q

Engine can still fire if

A

Ignition is left on even with battery and master switches off

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7
Q

Name functions of the engine oil system

A
  1. Lubrication
  2. Cooling by removing friction
  3. Removing heat from cylinders
  4. Providing a seal between the cylinder walls & pistons
  5. Carrying away contaminants
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8
Q

Reciprocating engines use either:

A
  1. Wet sump oil system (oil located in a sump and pumped)

2. Dry sump oil system (oil contained in a separate tank and is circulated via pumps)

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9
Q

Describe what the oil pressure gauge does.

A

It ensures the pressure in lbs/sq. inch (PSI) of the oil supply to the engine.

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10
Q

High oil temp could indicate:

A
  • A plugged oil line
  • Low oil quantity
  • Blocked oil cooler
  • Defective temp gauge
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11
Q

Low oil temp could indicate:

A
  • Improper oil viscosity for cold weather
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12
Q

Where can you find the correct oil type, weight, and quantity for your airplane?

A

AFM - airplane flight manual

POH - pilot operating handbook

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13
Q

Air-cooling is less effective than liquid cooling when?

A

Low airspeed especially with high power (ground operations, take-offs, go arounds)

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14
Q

High speed descents provide excess air and can…

A

shock cool the engine subjecting it to abrupt temp fluctuations

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15
Q

Operating an engine at a temp higher than its designed for can cause:

A
  • Loss of power
  • Excessive oil consumption
  • Detonation
  • Damage such as scoring the cylinder walls, damaging the pistons and rings, burning and warping valves
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16
Q

To avoid excessive cylinder head temperatures:

A
  • Increase airspeed
  • Enrich mixture
  • Reduce power
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17
Q

What is detonation?

A

An uncontrolled explosive ignition of the fuel/air mixture within the cylinder

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18
Q

What does detonation cause?

A

Excessive temp & pressure, engine overheating, roughness, loss of power

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19
Q

Detonation is characterized by what?

A

High cylinder head temps and is most likely to occur at high power settings

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20
Q

Operational causes of detonation include:

A
  • Use of a lower fuel grade than recommended
  • Operation at high MAP with low RPM
  • Operation at high power with excessively lean mixture
  • Extended ground operations or steep climbs, with reduced cylinder cooling
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21
Q

How can you prevent detonation?

A
  • Use proper fuel grade
  • Fully open cowl flaps for ground operations
  • Use an enriched mixture and shallower angle for takeoff and initial climb
  • Avoid extended high power, steep climbs
22
Q

Preignition occurs when?

A

When the fuel/air mixture ignites prior to the normal ignition event

23
Q

Pre-ignition is usually caused by:

A

Residual hot spot in combustion chamber often created by

  • a carbon buildup on a spark plug
  • a cracked spark plug insulator
  • or other cylinder damage which allows sufficient heat to build to ignite the fuel/air mixture
24
Q

What does preignition cause?

A
  • loss of power and high operating temperature

- Severe engine damage, as it places pressure on piston while still in compression stroke

25
Q

Fact about detonation and preignition

A

Often occur simultaneously, and one may be caused by one another

26
Q

Two classifications that apply to fuel systems in small aircraft

A

Gravity feed & fuel pump systems

27
Q

2 pumps in fuel pump systems:

A
  1. Engine driven pump

2. Electric/ auxiliary/ boost pump

28
Q

The octane number/ performance number of a Av gas (aviation gas) designates the what:

A

Anti-knock value or knock resistance of the fuel mixture in the engine cylinder. The higher the grade, the more pressure the fuel can withstand without detonating.

29
Q

Low grades of fuel are used where

A

-In low compression engines because these fuels ignite at a lower temperature.

30
Q

Higher grades of fuel are used in:

A

Higher compression engines because they ignite at higher temperatures but not prematurely

31
Q

Suspended water droplets in the fuel can be identified via:

A

A cloudy appearance or as a separate, clear, layer on the bottom of the fuel sample.

32
Q

Common electrical system voltage:

A

14 or 28 Vdc electrical system

33
Q

Name the common components of the electrical system

A

Alternator, battery, master battery switch, alternator/generator switch, bus bar, fuses, circuit breakers, voltage regulator, amp-meter/load meter, wiring

34
Q

Turning on the master ON switch provides current to:

A

All electrical systems except the ignition system

35
Q

What is the bus bar used for?

A

A terminal system to connect the main electrical system to the equipment using electricity as a source of power

36
Q

The bus bar simplifies what

A

The wiring system and provides a common point from which voltage can be distributed throughout the system

37
Q

What is an ammeter used for?

A

It shows whether the alternator is producing an adequate supply of current and whether the battery is receiving an electrical charge.

38
Q

What does a positive and negative value on the ammeter indicate?

A

Positive: shows the charging rate of the battery
Negative: shows more current is being drawn from the battery than is being replaced

39
Q

Full scale minus deflection on an ammeter indicates:

A

Indicates a malfunctioning of the alternator/ generator

40
Q

Full scale positive deflection on the ammeter indicates:

A

Indicates a malfunction of a regulator

41
Q

What does a load meter indicate

A

Shows the load on the alternator/ generator

42
Q

A load meter reflects what

A

the fraction of the alternator/ generator’s output capacity demanded by electrical components and the battery

43
Q

When all electrical components are turned off, the loadmeter reflects what

A

It reflects only the amount of charge and current demanded by the battery

44
Q

What are hydraulic systems used for on small airplanes?

A
  • Wheel brakes
  • Retractable landing gear
  • Constant speed propellers
45
Q

What are hydraulic systems used for on large airplanes?

A
  • Flight control surfaces
  • wing flaps
  • spoilers
46
Q

List basic components of a hydraulic system

A
  • Reservoir
  • Pump (hand, electric, or engine driven)
  • filter to keep fluid clean
  • Selector valve to control the direction of flow
  • Relief valve to relieve excess pressure
  • Actuator
47
Q

Landing gear employing a rear mounted wheel is called:

A

conventional landing gear or tailwheel

48
Q

Landing gear employing a front wheel are referred to as

A

Nosewheel or tricycle gear

49
Q

Name 3 advantages of tricycle gear airplanes

A
  1. Allows more forceful application of brakes on high speed landings at high speeds without causing the aircraft to nose-over
  2. Permits better forward visibility for the pilot during takeoff/landing/taxiing
  3. Prevents ground-looping and swerving due to the CG being ahead of the main wheels
50
Q

Tail wheel landing gear aircrafts are good for:

A
  • Providing adequate ground clearance for larger propellers

- Better suited for operations on unimproved fields

51
Q

Negative aspects of tail wheel airplanes:

A
  • Directional control on the ground is more difficult in conventional gear airplanes, due to the CG being behind the main wheels
  • Lack of good forward visibility when tail wheel is on or near the ground

Private Pilot (13 decks)

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