Navigation 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Departure Procedures - Geographic Set Heading Point
A
- Easily Identifiable from a distance
- Far enough away to allow aircraft to climb to cruise altitude but not too far away
- Positioned somewhere close to the intended track
- Uses a known point as a reference
- Makes progress towards destination
- Can’t be used over featureless terrain
2
Q
Departure Procedures - Overhead Departure
A
- Used when airport is surrounded by featureless terrain
- Aircraft climbs in the vicinity of the field and sets heading overhead the airport
- Aircraft climbs with respect to a known landmark
- No progress towards destination
- Time and Fuel used during climb
3
Q
Departure Procedures - Enroute Departure
A
- Aircraft takes off and turns to a heading that will intercept the track at a 45º angle
- When the airport is 45º off your tail you are on track
- Turn to your flight planned heading
- Time and fuel saved by turning directly en-route
- Often difficult to determine position relative to track as you are off track immediately after takeoff
4
Q
En-route Procedures - Orientation
A
Align the map with direction of flight
5
Q
En-route Procedures - Anticipation
A
- Be sware of and look for upcoming landmarks
- Watch, map, ground
6
Q
En-route Procedures - Identification
A
- Positively identify landmarks
- Use the rule of 3, three features to make position identification
7
Q
En-route Procedures - Pin Points
A
Circle points identified and note the current time beside the pinpoint
8
Q
En-route Procedures - Double Track Error
A
- Can only be used to half way point of trip
- Pinpoint current location
- Error = degrees off track
- Estimate time spent drifting off track
- Double the error and turn the aircraft in the opposite direction by that many degrees
- Fly this heading for the same time spent drifting
- When time expires, change heading back to half the error
9
Q
En-route Procedures - Opening/Closing Angles
A
- Can be used at any time during the trip
- Pinpoint current location
- Estimate degrees off track from departure = Opening Angle
- Estimate degrees off track to destination = Closing Angle
- Add opening and closing angles
- Turn the aircraft towards track by this many degrees
- Puts aircraft on a new track directly to destination
10
Q
En-route Procedures - Visual Alteration
A
- Can be used at any point along track
- Pinpoint current location
- Find a landmark on the track line ahead of the aircraft
- Look outside and find this landmark
- Fly to the landmark
- When overhead, turn back to original heading but correct heading to account for drift
- Mis-identifying the landmark can make you lost
11
Q
1 in 60 Rule
A
If an aircraft is one degree off track, it will be one mile off track after travelling a distance of 60 miles
12
Q
Arrival Procedures - Radio Calls
A
- Estimating when to descend, checks, etc.
- Review Circuit Joining Procedures
- Use of CFS
- Close flight plan
13
Q
Arrival Procedures - Diversion to an Alternate
A
- Might not be able to get to planned destination
- Options are to return to departure airport, Go somewhere else, or land in a field
14
Q
Arrival Procedures - Returning to Departure Point
A
- Requires flying 180º off current track
- Must apply same wind correction but in exact opposite direction
