Air Law 2 - General Flashcards
Canadian Domestic Airspace (CDA)
- Includes all airspace over Canadian land mass, Canadian Arctic, Archipelago, and areas over high seas
- Northern Domestic Airspace
- Southern Domestic Airspace
Northern Domestic Airspace (NDA)
- Magnetic Compass Unreliable
- Everything determined by true degrees
Southern Domestic Airspace (SDA)
Everything determined by magnetic track
Flight Information Regions (FIR’s)
- Area of defined dimensions
- Flight information service and alerting service provided
- Depicted on en route charts
- Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, Montreal, Moncton, Gander
High Level Airspace
All airspace above 18,000’ ASL
High Level Controlled Airspace (SCA)
18,000’ ASL and Above
High Level Controlled Airspace (NCA)
FL230 and Above
High Level Controlled Airspace (ACA)
FL270 and Above
Control Zones
- Controlled Airspace of Defined Dimension
- Extends from surface to 3000’ AAE unless otherwise specified
- Radius of 5 NM
- If within TCA, radius is 7 NM
- If military, radius is 10 NM
Low Level Airways
- Controlled Airspace
- Extends from 2200’ AGL up to 17,999’ ASL
- VHF/UHF Airways
Control Area Extension
- Area of defined dimensions
- Extends from 2200’ AGL in low level airspace
- Used to surround a control zone or connect areas of controlled airspace
Transition Areas
- Established when considered advantageous to provide additional controlled airspace for containment of IFR operations
- Based at 700’ AGL extending to base of overlying controlled airspace
- Radius of 15 NM
Terminal Control Area (TCA)
Controlled airspace of defined dimensions designated to serve arriving, departing, and en route aircraft
Airspace (Class A)
- All high level controlled airspace to FL600
- Only IFR permitted
- Requires a clearance
- Requires Mode C transponder
- Requires Two-way communication
Airspace (Class B)
- Only IFR and CVFR permitted
- Requires a clearance
- All low level controlled airspace from 12,500’ ASL or minimum en route altitude to 17,999’ ASL
- Can also be control zones and TCA’s
- Requires Mode C transponder
- Requires two-way communication
Airspace (Class C)
- Controlled Airspace
- IFR and VFR permitted
- VFR flights require clearance to enter
- Need radio capable of two-way communication
- Requires mode C transponder
- Becomes Class E when ATC not in operation
Airspace (Class D)
- Controlled Airspace
- IFR and VFR permitted
- VFR need to establish two-way comms prior to entering
- Requires mode C transponder if transponder airspace
- Becomes Class E when ATC not in operation
Airspace (Class E)
- Need for operational control exists, but doesn’t qualify as Class A,B,C,D
- Both IFR and VFR permitted
- No special requirements for VFR
- Requires Transponder only if transponder airspace
- No active control of VFR aircraft
Airspace (Class F)
- Activities must be confined to their nature
- CYF / Advisory (May enter with caution)
- CYR / Restricted (Do not enter)
- Can be controlled or uncontrolled
- Will assume rules of surrounding airspace when not active
- Designated airspace handbook
Airspace (Class G)
- All remaining Airspace
- Can be surface up to 17,999’ ASL
Low Level Air Routes
- Contained within Class G airspace
- Same as low level airways but extend from surface
Cruising Altitudes
- Come into effect 3000’ AGL or higher
- TRUE track in NDA
- MAGNETIC track in SDA
Cruise Altitudes (East Heading)
- Includes North
- Odd thousands + 500’
Cruise Altitudes (West Heading)
- Includes South
- Even Thousands + 500’
Standard Pressure Region
- Set altimeter to field elevation or current setting for takeoff
- Set to 29.92 for cruise
- Set to destination altimeter before beginning descent
Altimeter Setting Region
- Set altimeter to field elevation or current setting for takeoff
- Set to nearest station along route for cruise
- Set to destination altimeter before beginning descent
Transition Between Regions
- Set to 29.92 AFTER entering standard pressure region
- Set to current altimeter setting BEFORE entering Altimeter Setting Region
- Always change altimeter setting in Standard Pressure Region
Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ)
- Must file a DVFR flight plan or itinerary to enter
- Limits on entry are +/- 20 NM and +/- 5 minutes
Emergency Security Control of Air Traffic (ESCAT)
- Invoked during air defence emergencies
- ATC assumes control of all CDA
- ## Aircraft must comply with all instructions from ATC
In The Event of Interception
- Follow radio and visual instructions given by intercepting aircraft
- Contact Air traffic services if possible
- Attempt to establish radio contact with intercepting aircraft by making call on 121.5 and 243.0 is practical
- Set transponder to 7700 if equipped with one
Transponder (Mode A)
Code and Position Only
Transponder (Mode C)
Code, Position and Altitude
Transponder (Mode S)
Code, Position, Altitude, and other info
Transponder Operation
- Adjust to STBY while on ground
- Adjust to ON or ALT just prior to takeoff
- SQUAWK means operate transponder on designated code
- SQUAWK IDENT means press the IDENT button
Transponder Standard Codes
- 1200, VFR at and below 12,500’ ASL
- 1400, VFR above 12,500’ ASL
Transponder Emergency Codes
- 7500, Hijacking
- 7600, Communication Failure
- 7700, Emergency
- 7500 then 7700, requesting armed intervention
Night Flying
- Starts 30 minutes after sunset
- Ends 30 minutes before sunrise
VFR Fuel Requirements
- Enough Fuel to get to destination
- 30 minutes cruise of reserve fuel for day
- 45 minutes cruise of reserve fuel for night
