Nautics and Navigation Flashcards
What did the Ottoman Empire do and what were the results?
The Ottoman blocked trade from Europe to Asia
Force traders to take alternate routes by sea and created the issue of nautics and navigation
The need for ships that were large and sturdy
Who was Jean Fernel?
the eminent French physician and mathematician who described the new globe
What was one of the most influential discoveries of Iberian navigators?
The simple fact that there are things worth discovering on the sea, in distant lands, and at home.
How was the traditional way of oceanic navigation described?
As an empirical art or knowledge
When did the shipbuilding revolution begin and where? How was it a revolution?
Iberia during the last quarter of the fifteenth century. They learned how to build with multiple masts and reinforced hulls
What changed in Portugal for navigation?
change from pilotage to positional navigation
What happened by 1485?
cartographers and astronomers employed by the Portuguese calculated simplified tables to find latitude both north and south of the equator
What did Vasco de Gama do?
learned new techniques from an Arab navigator and brought back several kamals
What did Pedro Nunes do?
the chief cosmographer of King John III, who produced the most comprehensive and influential cosmography of the 16th century, the Tratado da Sphere
He described the loxodromic curve for the first time
What is a rhumb line?
Loxodrome, is an arc that crosses the meridians of longitude at the same angle so there is no need to change the track of direction constantly
What was the light of navigation?
Dutch, sailing handbook, 1608, showing compass, hourglass, sea astrolabe, terrestrial and celestial globes, divider, Jacob’s staff and astrolabe
How did Cosmography develop in Spain?
Via Pedro de Medina who suggested that the magnetic pole and the true pole of the earth were not identical
What occurred by the 1600s?
European navigation was much better than that of Asia, and outstripped all Asian knowledge about ship construction, instrument making, and sailing
Nautical transmissions in the future would almost all flow from Europe to Asia
