Books and Gowns

Question 1

What did Charlemagne issue in 789?

Answer 1

An ordinance establishing “cathedral schools” in each bishopric in order to guarantee a supply of literate priests for an otherwise illiterate society.

Question 2

What happened to science in the Early Middle Ages?

Answer 2

Science was based on experience, not experiment, all observation
Seven Liberal Arts: Trivium - Logic, Grammar, Rhetoric ( A Bachelor’s degree) Quadrivium - Arithmetic, Geometry, Astronomy, and Music (Higher Education)
Some knowledge of astronomy for astrological and calendrical purposes (setting date for Easter)
Intellectual emphasis remained on theology and religious affairs rather than on science
Almost no original scientific research took place

Question 3

Who was Pope Sylvester II?

Answer 3

studied Arab and Greco-Roman arithmetic, math, and astronomy in Spain
Reintroduced the abacus and armillary sphere

Question 4

Describe the European University

Answer 4

Weakly organized learning in the early Middle Ages
Eruption of the European university of the 12th century and the rapid spread of higher education across Europe
By 1200, Europeans recovered much of ancient science along with the several centuries of scientific and philosophical accomplishment produced within the Islamic World
a unique institution, modeled after the craft guilds of medieval Europe
evolved as nominally secular communities of students and master teachers
universities did not depend on state or individual patronage
they were not state organs, but remained independent, feudal institutions

Question 5

Describe the Agriculture Revolution during The European University

Answer 5

Flourishing cities, growing economy, increase in wealth, need for urban institutions to produce leaned people
Universities depended on students to pay, learn and have job prospects

Question 6

Describe the Source of Knowledge.

Answer 6

Toledo - major center of Islamic culture
Became the center of translation activity
translation of classic scientific and philosophical texts from Arabic into Latin
role of bilingual Jewish Scholars
translations in southern Italy and in Sicily

Question 7

What happened during the Renaissance?

Answer 7

Better translations were made from original sources
12th century: Period of Translation
13th century: Period of Assimilation and absorption of scientific and philosophical traditions of antiquity and medieval Islam

Question 8

What was the problem between religion and the university?

Answer 8

eternity of universe
soul
cause and effect
unmoved mover

Question 9

What was a result of the condemnation of 1277?

Answer 9

caused science and technology revolution to replace Aristotles ideas w/ new ones
A change from why questions to how questions
change of mindsets

Question 10

What was the condemnation of 1277?

Answer 10

Bishop of Paris condemned the teaching of 219 errors held by some Aristotelians and subjected anyone who held or taught them to excommunication