Nature Vs Nurture

Question 1

Explain which side of the debate the key assumptions are in - SOCIAL

Answer 1

→ Interactions with individuals → Interactions in groups

Question 2

Explain which side if the theories/explanations are in - SOCIAL

Answer 2

→ Agency theory: explains obedience due to the idea people are born obedient to a person of authority but they were taught to be obedient from the day they were born → Agency theory (nature) -genetics form our behaviour and make us naturally obedient. The interactionist approach can be applied to agency theory

Question 3

Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study support - SOCIAL

Answer 3

Sherif et al: Boys were found using rigorous techniques like checking their IQ, excluding those with troubling childhoods their family issues and homesickness, suggesting all boys had an similar upbringing as well suggesting nurture was the reason that boys acted in a prejudice to the other group.

Question 4

Explain which side of the debate the key assumptions are in - COGNITIVE

Answer 4

→ Mind is like a computer → Process in a linear format

Question 5

Explain which side of the theories/explanations are in - COGNITIVE - MSM

Answer 5

→ Multi Store Model (nature) → Memory is a universal process that takes place in the brain. → (Nurture) → Rehearsal is a process that is governed by the environment.

Question 6

Explain which side if the theories/explanations are in - COGNITIVE - WMM

Answer 6

Working Memory Model (nurture) → Memory impairment happens when two pieces of information using the same type of encoding occur from the environment.

Question 7

Explain which side if the theories/explanations are in - COGNITIVE - Tulvings

Answer 7

→ Tulvings (Nurture) → Episodic memories are cured by things from the environment

Question 8

Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study support - COGNITIVE - Baddeley Nature

Answer 8

→ Baddeley (nature) → the ability to encode accoustically in STM and semantically in STM. → Semantically in LTM is determined by nature process with memory being useful.

Question 9

Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study support - COGNITIVE - BaddeleyNurture

Answer 9

→ Baddeley (nurture) - maintenance rehearsal is nurture as you try to stimulate your brain by putting it into a different environment which makes a helpful schema

Question 10

Evaluation (evidence, credibility, implications - COGNITIVE

Answer 10

→ Credibility - Low task validity when operationalising memory as recalling word lists doesn’t reflect real life and results have low credibility. →Reductionism - it reduces memory to a measurable concept of words accurately recalled from a list, making it more scientific. →Methadology - Lab experiments have standardised procedures making them replicable and more easy to compare for consistency and also they have a high control allowing cause and effect to be established.

Question 11

Explain which side of the debate the key assumptions are in - BIOLOGICAL

Answer 11

→ Brain Structure → Hormones → Neurotransmitters

Question 12

Explain which side if the theories/explanations are in - BIOLOGICAL - Brain structure

Answer 12

→ Brain structure (nature) → the brain develops - it is dictated by the genetic code. (Nurture) → influences Brain development, supporting certain directions and restricting others.

Question 13

Explain which side if the theories/explanations are in - BIOLOGICAL - Psychodynamic theory

Answer 13

Psychodynamic theory (nature) → people born with innate drives and instincts can be modified by naturing.

Question 14

Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study support - BIOLOGICAL

Answer 14

→ Raine et al → The results indicate that high levels of aggression and violent behaviour other results of nature. This is because Raine findings that NGRI murders had differ brain activity that NGRI murders had different brain activity in certain areas that the control of the non murderes. → A biological explanation of involving genetics then a structure and function of the brain is therefore suggests as an explanation for aggression which is the result of nature.

Question 15

Evaluation (evidence, credibility, implications - BIOLOGICAL

Answer 15

→ Implications of nature vs nurture - suggests our genetics determines our characteristics and behaviour. → Twin studies allow comparing identical twins raised in different environments which allows researchers to assess the impacts of genetics. → Implications → Environmental factors influencing gene expressions, and studying epigenetics modifications provides an insight into how nature and nurture interact.

Question 16

Explain which side of the debate the key assumptions are in - LEARNING

Answer 16

→ Mind like a box → Animals and humans same

Question 17

Explain which side if the theories/explanations are in - LEARNING - Classical conditioning

Answer 17

→ Classical Conditioning - explains nature because it suggests that all behaviour comes from learned associations rather than innate predispositions.

Question 18

Explain which side if the theories/explanations are in - LEARNING -Operant conditioning

Answer 18

→ Operant Conditioning (nurture) → suggests that all behaviour comes from reinforcement rather than innate predispositions.

Question 19

Explain which side if the theories/explanations are in - LEARNING - Social learning theory

Answer 19

→ Social Learning Theory - People learn observing the behaviours of others. In Banduras experiment, he demonstrated that children could learn aggressive behaviour by observing a another person.

Question 20

Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study support - LEARNING - W&R

Answer 20

→ Watson and Rayner (nature) - Results are an example of nature. How we respond to stimuli and adapt to consequences is an environmental behaviour. All humans learn through classical conditioning that its our nature to learn through assoication, the fear response (crying), to the UCS is a natural reflex - nature.

Question 21

Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study support - LEARNING - Bandura

Answer 21

→ Bandura (nurture) - All behaviour is learned from our environment and not presented at birth. Social learning theory states behaviour can be learnt by imitating others, starting with observing → Imitating if same sex. Vicarious reinforcement needed to repeat the same bhevaiours learnt by imitation within environment.

Question 22

Evaluation (evidence, credibility, implications - LEARNING

Answer 22

→ Implications - all learning theories assume that our behaviours is affected by our environments. → Credibility → Complex behaviours are therefore learnt as the result through our environment.

Question 23

Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study support - CLINICAL

Answer 23

→ Rosehan - symptoms of schizophrenia are caused by nature. Attitide of staff towards the patients due to schizophrenia being a genetic trait and that it must be treated by a drug, so they were treated inhumanely as if there was something wrong with them. → Unlikely people of diathesis stress model → highlights nature and nurture are needed to a psychological disorder to develop.

Question 24

Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study support - CLINICAL - Rosehan - nurture

Answer 24

→ Rosehan (nurture) → Found that environmental staff to treat them differently as pseudopatients were not actually well it highlights how environment of the psychiatric hospitals created the false pretences that the patients were insane. → Within the patients it ceased a stigma of insanity and staff acted different → labelled as insane by others leading to self fufillling prophecy