Culture and Gender Flashcards
Explain which side of the debate the key assumptions are in - SOCIAL
Social psychology theories explain behaviour as due to social circumstance so and forces which are not affected by gender. → Social Impact theory
Explain which side if the theories/explanations are in - SOCIAL
Social Impact Theory - presents the idea that discrimination and prejudice is determined by social identity which is formed through social categorisation, social identification and social comparison. → However social impact theory does not take into account the cultural differences
Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study/theory support - gender - SOCIAL
Burger et al - Burger that women were more reluctant to continue than men in the modelled refusal conditions. The results were not statistically significant, but a difference between gender was highlighted through Burger’s repliction of Milgram’s study of obedience → supports the idea that gender may hold an influence over behaviour. males: 72% obedient, females: 66.7% obedient
Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study/theory support - culture - SOCIAL
Social Impact Theory - presents the idea that discrimination and prejudice is determined by your social identity which is formed through social categorization, social identification and social comparison. However SIT does not take cultural influence behaviour as seen by Wetherall’s study.
Which side of the debate do not support gender - SOCIAL
Sherif et al - displays beta bias as the sample consisted of men → study is androcentric (22 males). → Researchers assumed that the findings from the male participants could be equally applied to females showing gender may have no effect on behaviour as sherif ignored the differences between males and females. → He assumed they would display similar results
Which side of the debate do not support culture - SOCIAL
Social Impact Theory - reudctionist theory so it does not take into account dispositional or biological factors into account. → Suggests other factors that are not accounted for are causing different conclusions in different cultures, therefore culuture is not an influencing behaviour.
Explain which side of the debate the key assumptions are in - COGNITIVE
Memory → Relies on schemas we accquire through our environment
Explain which side if the theories/explanations are in - COGNITIVE
Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study/theory support - gender - COGNITIVE
Baddeley et al - did not report the findings of the study from men and women separately so there could have been beta bias → suggested gender difference were not investigated
Which side of the debate do not support gender - COGNITVE
Bartlett - investigated how memory of a story is affected by previous knowledge → chose an culturally unfamiliar story that lacked order, the dramatic imagining would encourage visual imaging and the conclusion would be supernatural→ ethnocentric as 20 British participants
Which side of the debate do not support culture - COGNITIVE
Baddeley et al - men and women do not process memory differently → findings of STM and LTM are unlikely to suffer gender differences.
Explain which side of the debate the key assumptions are in - LEARNING
Learning theories are based on the role of nurture rather than nature. Therefore, different cultures will have different experiences that impact on developing humans: → specific behaviours that are familiar to a culture that will be observed. → Principles of reinforcement patterns in various cultures determine what is learnt.
Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study/theory support - gender - LEARNING
Watson and Rayner - Gender bias as the sample was androcentric and on one little boy so Albert’s learnt phobia may be harder to apply to females - they did not compare the results to a female infant to see if they would react in the same way. → Beta bias as the theory ignores sex differences as the researcher assumed the findings would apply for both males and females
Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study/theory support - culture - LEARNING
Watson and Rayner: culturally biased as ethnocentric study done on our participants who was an American boy → carried from a perspective of an american individual. Example, one of the conditions had a santa mask which us not relevant to all cultures that celebrate christmas.
Which side of the debate do not support gender - LEARNING
Which side of the debate do not support culture - LEARNING
When study is described as universal it means it can apply to all people, irrespective of gender and culture. However, this also means that it needs to include real differences
Explain which side of the debate the key assumptions are in - BIOLOGICAL
Hormonal differences between males and females may influence bheaviour such as aggression
Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study/theory support - gender -BIOLOGICAL
→ Males are more likely to be aggressive due to testosterone levels .
Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study/theory support - culture- BIOLOGICAL
No cultural issues as it tends to focus on genetics rather than environmental factors
Which side of the debate do not support culture - BIOLOGICAL
No cultural issues as it tends to focus on genetics rather than environmental factors
→ Brendgen et al(2005) found no differences between boys and girls when they looked at genetic and environmental contributions relating to physical and social aggression
Explain which side of the debate the key assumptions are in - CLINICAL
Cultural differences in diagnostic practices causing bias in diagnosis and invalid treatments. → There are differences between users of the ICD and DSM.
Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study/theory support - gender - CLINICAL
Rosehan et al 0 8 ppts, 5 men and 3 women however is reflective of schizophrenia population
Which side of the debate do the findings of the classic study/theory support - culture - CLINICAL
Rosehan → Only in indivualistic country of america and all pseudo patients from a western background. → Schizophrenia symptoms like hearing voices is deemed abnormal in western cultures (America) but in other cultures its normal to hear voices of dead ones while grieving. → Cultural relativism is not taken into account.
Explain which side of the debate the key assumptions are in - CLINICAL
There are issues surrounding the characteristics including race and gender of defendants and the accused which affect the decision making of the jury court. This can result in a biased judgment being made.
