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Ultrasound > Nature Of Sound > Flashcards

Nature Of Sound Flashcards

1
Q

Comes from the latin word ______ means “sound”

A

Sonus

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2
Q

Comes from a greek word ________ means “ to write or record”

A

Graphien

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3
Q

Other terms for sonography

A

Diagnostic ultrasound

Diagnostic medical sonography

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4
Q

Branch of physics that deals with sound and sound waves

A

Acoustics

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5
Q

Sound frequencies beyond upper limits of human hearing

A

Ultrasound

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6
Q

Were the first to describe the relationship bet pitch and frequency

A

Greeks

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7
Q

Pythagoras invented the ______ , to study musical sounds

A

Sonometer

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8
Q

Discovered the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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9
Q

Studies the actuvities of bats

A

Lazzaro Spallanzani

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10
Q

Theory of wave diffraction

A

Augustin Fresnel

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11
Q

Effect of motion on the pitch of sounds

A

Christian Johann Doppler

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12
Q

Studies the phenomenon of piezoelectricity

A

Jacques and Pierre Curie

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13
Q

Wrote the theory of sounds

A

Lord Rayleigh

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14
Q

Sound waves to detect underwater objects ( SONAR) Sound Navigation Ranging

A

Paul Langevin

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15
Q

The first contact compound B scanner used ________ as lubricant

A

Olive oil

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16
Q

Early ultrasound equipment visual displays used __________ that produced “bi-stable” (BW) images

A

Storage oscilloscope

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17
Q

Gray scale was introduced

A

1970

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18
Q

Real time scanning was introduced

A

Mid 1970s

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19
Q

Application of doppler technique

A

1980s

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20
Q

Travelling variation in one or more quantities such as pressure

A

Wave

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21
Q

Two categories of wave phenomena

A

Mechanical Wave

Electromagnetic wave

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22
Q

A type of wave that can only travel through matter

A

Mechanical

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23
Q

Can travel through matter or through empty space

A

Electromagnetic

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24
Q

Two basic types of wave

A

Longitudinal

Transverse

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25
Q

Motion of the particle in a medium is PARALLEL to the direction of wave propagation

A

Longitudinal wave

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26
Q

Motion of the particle in a medium is PERPEDICULAR to the direction of wave propagation

A

Transverse Wave

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27
Q

An energy transmitted as a mechanical , longitudinal wave that requires a medium through which to travel

A

Sound

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28
Q

Sound is a travelling variation of ______

A

Pressure and density

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29
Q

Regions of LOW pressure and density

A

Rarefactions

30
Q

Regions of HIGH pressure and density

A

Compressions

31
Q

Wave anatomy

A

Wavelength
Frequency
Period
Phase

32
Q

Distance bet 2 consecutive identical positions of wave

A

Wavelength

33
Q

Wavelength is represented by the sign of ________

A

Lambda

34
Q

1 wavelength is equal to

A

1 cycle

35
Q

No of cycles per second

A

Frequency

36
Q

One complete oscillation of the wave

A

Cycle

37
Q

Unit of frequency

A

Hertz

38
Q

Latin word meaning “below”

A

Infra

39
Q

The latin word meaning “ beyond”

A

Ultra

40
Q

Below 20 Hz

A

Infrasound

41
Q

the clarity of the image

A

Spatial Resolution

42
Q

As frequency increases

A

Small objects improves
Penetrability decreases
More collimated and directional

43
Q

Time it takes for one cycle to occur

A

Period

44
Q

Period and frequency is _________

A

Inversely proportional

45
Q

Realtionship of one wave to another

A

Phase

46
Q

UTZ wave that are same position

A

In phase

47
Q

Utz wave that are out of position

A

Out of phase

48
Q

Demonstrates interference phenomena or the superimpostion of waves ( algebraic summation)

A

Sound waves

49
Q

Interaction of two or more ultrasound beams

A

Interference

50
Q

2 kinds of interference

A

Constructive

Destructive

51
Q

UTZ waves are in phase . Increase in amplitude and intensity

A

Constructive interference

52
Q

Utz waves are out of phase. Decrease in amplitude . Contributes to attenuation

A

Destructive interference

53
Q

Had an insight on the nature of wave propagation

A

Christian Huygens

54
Q

Every point on wave front may be considered a source of secondary spherical wavelets

A

Huygen’s Principle

55
Q

Describes the production of ultrasound wavefront from individual wavelets

A

Huygen’s principle

56
Q

Two sound waves w/ slightly different frequencies combined and has a pattern

A

Beats

57
Q

The rate at which the beats occur

A

Beat frequency

58
Q

Two waves travelling in the opposite directions w/ same amplitude

A

Standing Waves

59
Q

Zero amplitude caused by destructive interference

A

Nodes

60
Q

Maximum amplitude caused by constructive interference

A

Antinodes

61
Q

2 types of utz waves in diagnostic equipments

A

Continuous wave

Pulsed

62
Q

Cycles repeat indefinitely

for fetal heartbeat and blood flow in doppler method

A

Continuous Wave

63
Q

Pulses separated by gaps in time

modes and real time imaging

A

Pulsed wave

64
Q

Few cycles of ultrasound

A

Pulse

65
Q

Pulsed ultrasound

A 
Pulse Repetition Frequency
Pulse Repetition Period
Pulse Duration
Duty Factor
Spatial Pulse Length
66
Q

No of pulses occurring in 1 sec

A

Pulse Repetition Frequency

67
Q

Time from the beginning of one pulse to the next

A

Pulse Repetition Period

68
Q

Time it takes for one pulse to occur

A

Pulse Duration

69
Q

Fraction of time that pulsed ultrasound is on

A

Duty factor

70
Q

Length of space that a pulse takes up

A

Spatial Pulse Length

71
Q

Medical imaging that uses non ionizing , high frequency soundwaves

A

Sonography

Ultrasound (6 decks)

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