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Nature Of Sound Flashcards

1
Q

Comes from the latin word ______ means “sound”

A

Sonus

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2
Q

Comes from a greek word ________ means “ to write or record”

A

Graphien

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3
Q

Other terms for sonography

A

Diagnostic ultrasound

Diagnostic medical sonography

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4
Q

Branch of physics that deals with sound and sound waves

A

Acoustics

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5
Q

Sound frequencies beyond upper limits of human hearing

A

Ultrasound

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6
Q

Were the first to describe the relationship bet pitch and frequency

A

Greeks

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7
Q

Pythagoras invented the ______ , to study musical sounds

A

Sonometer

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8
Q

Discovered the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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9
Q

Studies the actuvities of bats

A

Lazzaro Spallanzani

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10
Q

Theory of wave diffraction

A

Augustin Fresnel

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11
Q

Effect of motion on the pitch of sounds

A

Christian Johann Doppler

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12
Q

Studies the phenomenon of piezoelectricity

A

Jacques and Pierre Curie

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13
Q

Wrote the theory of sounds

A

Lord Rayleigh

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14
Q

Sound waves to detect underwater objects ( SONAR) Sound Navigation Ranging

A

Paul Langevin

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15
Q

The first contact compound B scanner used ________ as lubricant

A

Olive oil

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16
Q

Early ultrasound equipment visual displays used __________ that produced “bi-stable” (BW) images

A

Storage oscilloscope

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17
Q

Gray scale was introduced

A

1970

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18
Q

Real time scanning was introduced

A

Mid 1970s

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19
Q

Application of doppler technique

A

1980s

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20
Q

Travelling variation in one or more quantities such as pressure

A

Wave

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21
Q

Two categories of wave phenomena

A

Mechanical Wave

Electromagnetic wave

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22
Q

A type of wave that can only travel through matter

A

Mechanical

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23
Q

Can travel through matter or through empty space

A

Electromagnetic

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24
Q

Two basic types of wave

A

Longitudinal

Transverse

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25
Motion of the particle in a medium is PARALLEL to the direction of wave propagation
Longitudinal wave
26
Motion of the particle in a medium is PERPEDICULAR to the direction of wave propagation
Transverse Wave
27
An energy transmitted as a mechanical , longitudinal wave that requires a medium through which to travel
Sound
28
Sound is a travelling variation of ______
Pressure and density
29
Regions of LOW pressure and density
Rarefactions
30
Regions of HIGH pressure and density
Compressions
31
Wave anatomy
Wavelength Frequency Period Phase
32
Distance bet 2 consecutive identical positions of wave
Wavelength
33
Wavelength is represented by the sign of ________
Lambda
34
1 wavelength is equal to
1 cycle
35
No of cycles per second
Frequency
36
One complete oscillation of the wave
Cycle
37
Unit of frequency
Hertz
38
Latin word meaning "below"
Infra
39
The latin word meaning " beyond"
Ultra
40
Below 20 Hz
Infrasound
41
the clarity of the image
Spatial Resolution
42
As frequency increases
Small objects improves Penetrability decreases More collimated and directional
43
Time it takes for one cycle to occur
Period
44
Period and frequency is _________
Inversely proportional
45
Realtionship of one wave to another
Phase
46
UTZ wave that are same position
In phase
47
Utz wave that are out of position
Out of phase
48
Demonstrates interference phenomena or the superimpostion of waves ( algebraic summation)
Sound waves
49
Interaction of two or more ultrasound beams
Interference
50
2 kinds of interference
Constructive | Destructive
51
UTZ waves are in phase . Increase in amplitude and intensity
Constructive interference
52
Utz waves are out of phase. Decrease in amplitude . Contributes to attenuation
Destructive interference
53
Had an insight on the nature of wave propagation
Christian Huygens
54
Every point on wave front may be considered a source of secondary spherical wavelets
Huygen's Principle
55
Describes the production of ultrasound wavefront from individual wavelets
Huygen's principle
56
Two sound waves w/ slightly different frequencies combined and has a pattern
Beats
57
The rate at which the beats occur
Beat frequency
58
Two waves travelling in the opposite directions w/ same amplitude
Standing Waves
59
Zero amplitude caused by destructive interference
Nodes
60
Maximum amplitude caused by constructive interference
Antinodes
61
2 types of utz waves in diagnostic equipments
Continuous wave | Pulsed
62
Cycles repeat indefinitely | for fetal heartbeat and blood flow in doppler method
Continuous Wave
63
Pulses separated by gaps in time | modes and real time imaging
Pulsed wave
64
Few cycles of ultrasound
Pulse
65
Pulsed ultrasound
``` Pulse Repetition Frequency Pulse Repetition Period Pulse Duration Duty Factor Spatial Pulse Length ```
66
No of pulses occurring in 1 sec
Pulse Repetition Frequency
67
Time from the beginning of one pulse to the next
Pulse Repetition Period
68
Time it takes for one pulse to occur
Pulse Duration
69
Fraction of time that pulsed ultrasound is on
Duty factor
70
Length of space that a pulse takes up
Spatial Pulse Length
71
Medical imaging that uses non ionizing , high frequency soundwaves
Sonography

Ultrasound (6 decks)

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