Nature, Causes and Consequences of Crime Flashcards
When looking at causes of crime we consider S-E-B factors. What does this stand for?
Social
Economic
Biological
What does ACES stand for?
Adverse Childhood Experience
Individuals who experience ACES are what times more likely to commit acts of violence?
15x more likely.
Individuals who experience ACES are what times more likely to be in prison?
20x more likely.
According to the Scottish Prison Survey 2019, what % of prisoners said that they were drunk at the time of their offence?
40%
How much violent crime in Scotland is attributed to alcohol and substance misuse?
2/3rds
For young people in Scotland, particularly between the ages of 15-17, what is the most common factor in committing crime?
Peer pressure
In 2021, what percentage of domestic abuse cases had a male perpetrator and female victim?
80%
What societal pressures are there that are unique to males?
Toxic Masculinity
What is the Strain Theory?
The argument that society puts so much strain on individuals to have materialistic items that people turn to criminality.
Around what % of shoplifting is known as survival shoplifting?
25%
What is survival shoplifting?
Committing shoplifting in order to obtain items that are essential to survival such as food, clothing and toiletries.
How is greed linked to crime?
Some individuals commit crime in order to get more and more in order to satisfy their own wants rather than needs.
Andrew rough, a retired police officer stole how much money from his mum?
£60,000
What did Andrew Rough spend the £60,000 stolen money on?
A new house, car, holidays …
Former SNP MP Natalie McGarry was jailed for embezzling more than how much?
£25,000
According to the Scottish Prison Service 17th Prisoner Survey, what percentage of prisoners believed unemployment contributed to their offending.
16%
What are the areas in Scotland that has high unemployment rates and higher rates of crime?
Easterhouse and Castlebrae
Psychopathy is an example of what kind of cause of crime?
Biological
Who was the 16 year old who was labelled a psychopath by criminal experts in Scotland?
Aaron Campbell
For every 100 crimes that are committed in Scotland how many are committed by biological males?
88
What is the name of the hormone that makes biological males more likely to engage in violent crime?
Testosterone
In 2021 what was the % of incidents of domestic abuse that had a male perpetrator and female victim?
80%
What % of prisoners in Scotland in 2023 were biologically male?
96%
What is a biological reason as to why younger people may be more likely to commit crime?
Brain development
As a result of brain development from 2022 what are judges recommended to consider in place of custodial sentences?
Rehabilitation
The fact that the Criminal Justice System is very expensive is an example of a consequence of crime on who?
The wider society
How much on average does it cost to keep one person in prison for a year in Scotland?
£40,000
The consequence of losing your freedom and having a criminal record is more likely for who?
The perpetrator
who is more likely to experience PTSD as a consequence of crime?
The victim
How much does violent crime cost the UK every year?
£124 billion
What was the cost of policing in Scotland in 2019-2020
£1.2 billion
According to Alcohol Focus Scotland how many young offenders were drunk at the time of their offence?
60%
What evidence is there that there is a link between poverty and crime?
More than 70 per cent of Niddrie residents are on benefits while nearly 30 per cent of children live in poverty. There are778 crimes for every 10,000 locals— 69 per cent above the national average
