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Consequences of extremism Flashcards

1
Q

The SQA will ask me to explain the consequences on who?

A

Those immediately affected
Countries and their governments
The wider international community

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1
Q

How can individuals health be affected by these events?

A

It can cause physical injuries such as broken bones, disability and long term chronic pain.

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2
Q

What are some emotional consequences of extremism?

A

anxiety, depression, fear and shock.

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3
Q

Collectively, psychological impacts are referred to as …

A

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

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4
Q

What can PTSD affect?

A

an individuals ability to work, their relationships, mental health disorders and substance misuse

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5
Q

Can the wider population also be affected by PTSD?

A

Yes, the wider population can be affected as well as those directly involved.

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6
Q

After what event were individuals treated with therapy pets to overcome the negative psychological impacts of the event

A

The 2015 Tunisian Beach attack

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7
Q

After the Manchester Arena attack in 2017 what did a report into PTSD find?

A

That 3/4 of the 236 people involved in the attack said that they have been psychologically damaged by the event.

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8
Q

How many individuals in the Manchester Arena Report indicated that they or their friends and family had been injured in the attack.

A

1 in 5

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9
Q

Why can extremism lead to financial loss?

A

The cost of preventative measures such as insurance and the loss of tourism and even employment as a result of injury/PTSD.

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10
Q

What countries can we use as an example to show the link between prevalence of poverty and extremism?

A

Nigeria and Yemen in the top 7 countries affected by terrorism and have a poverty rate of 61% and 70% respectively.

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11
Q

After the Tunisian Beach attack in 2015 by what % did tourism fall by?

A

25%

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12
Q

After the Tunisian Beach attack in 2015 by what % did tourism revenue fall by?

A

35%

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13
Q

As a result of loss of tourism in Tunisia what were the consequences?

A

Mass unemployment, poverty, business closures and stress.

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14
Q

What event in November 2023 did Boko Haram carry out?

A

Invading rice farms, killing the workers and forcing families to flee.

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15
Q

Since the kidnapping of 270 schoolgirls in Nigeria in 2014 by Boko Haram, how many people have been displaced?

A

Over 1.5 million

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16
Q

How does extremism cause displacement?

A

The threat of terrorism can be so extreme that people are forced to leave their homes to seek safety.

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17
Q

Social norms change for people living under constant fear and threat of extremism?

A

True

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18
Q

As a result of attacks over the last 10 years, in what country has there been significant changes in social norms as a result of consistent attacks, loss of loved ones and rebuilding homes and communities?

A

India

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19
Q

What minority ethnic group did the media discriminate against after attacks in Nice and Paris?

A

The Islamic community

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20
Q

As a result of misrepresentation and false narratives what kind of discrimination can Muslims often face in society?

A

Islamophobia

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21
Q

What other attitudes can also change dramatically?

A

political attitudes

22
Q

What kind of pressure can extremism create for governments and political attitudes?

A

The demand for changes in civil liberties, immigration and security.

23
Q

Far right politics in France gained a lot of support in the 2017 Presidential elections as a result of their right wing arguments regarding immigration and security policies.

A

True - due to the 2015 and 2016 attacks in Paris

24
Q

When was the online safety bill passed in the UK?

A

2019

25
Q

What is the online safety bill?

A

A bill to protect adults and children online and prevent the spread of extremist ideology.

26
Q

In 2017 Donald Trump signed an executive order to ban people from six Muslim-majority countries entering the US as a result of perceived terror related threats?

A

True

27
Q

The UKs vital support mechanism report found that what % of survivors found long term impacts like anxiety, flashbacks and insomnia?

A

93%

28
Q

Studies from Spain found that on average a terrorist attack prevents how many tourists from visiting in the immediate aftermath?

A

140,000

29
Q

As a result of the ongoing civil war and extremist activities in Syria, how many Syrians have fled the country?

A

over 5 million

30
Q

How has the UK been involved in tackling ISIS in Syria?

A

Western airstrikes by France, UK and the USA

31
Q

What were the consequences for David Amess’s family?

A

They lost their loved one

32
Q

After the David Amess attack what were the financial consequences?

A

Cost of emergency services, investigation, the trial and the incarceration of Ali.

33
Q

When did the David Amess attack take place?

A

15th October 2021

34
Q

What is the impact of the IRA petrol bombing attacks in April 2023?

A

The threat of terrorism level in Northern Ireland increased to highly likely.

35
Q

What kind of discrimination can actions by the IRA lead to?

A

Bigotry - religious discrimination and extreme ideology of nationalism

36
Q

Europol helps to share
intelligence gathered regarding
various terrorist threats across
Europe, especially regarding ISIS - this is an example of the consequence being …

A

The need for international alliances and cooperation to maintain security

37
Q

What is an example of travel legislation being changed in the UK as a result of terrorism?

A

Restrictions of liquid goods carried, body scanners in the airport and biometric chips in passports.

38
Q

The Royal Mile in Edinburgh has anti traffic bollards in place as a response to international terrorism to prevent attacks carried out by vehicles?

A

True

39
Q

After the Manchester Arena attack in 2017 by what % did Islamophobia increase by?

A

500%

40
Q

What are examples of extremism leading to trauma and loss?

A

The Christchurch Mosque shootings in New Zealand (2019) left survivors with severe PTSD, grief, and fear. This tragedy deeply affected the local Muslim community and sparked global solidarity efforts while highlighting the trauma hate-based violence causes.

A further instance is the 2023 Peshawar Mosque bombing in Pakistan targeted worshippers, resulting in over 100 deaths. Survivors and the families of victims face long-lasting psychological impacts and grief.

41
Q

How do extremist attacks lead to social division and distrust?

A

The 2019 Easter bombings in Sri Lanka, which targeted churches and hotels, fuelled religious tensions, distrust, and security concerns among religious and ethnic groups in Sri Lanka. Such events strain community relations and often lead to an atmosphere of mutual suspicion, impacting social harmony

42
Q

Terror attacks can lead to social divides and increased stigmatisation of certain groups. What group was negatively impacted after the 2019 Christchurch Mosque shootings in New Zealand

A

there were heightened concerns over Islamophobia, leading to community-led efforts to foster tolerance. However, the fear of future attacks lingered, impacting local social cohesion.

43
Q

In Sri Lanka, the 2019 Easter Sunday bombings - how was tourism affected?

A

the attack targeted churches and luxury hotels, led to a significant drop in tourism, a major sector for the country. This decline forced businesses in the tourism industry to lay off workers, exacerbating economic challenges for families and communities reliant on tourism income.

44
Q

Governments must increase their security and surveillance as a result of extremism - why?

A

In response to rising extremist threats, governments have ramped up surveillance and security measures. It is the government’s responsibility to ensure that its citizens are safe and looked after, this means that stricter legislation will have to be introduced to ensure that all are safe.

45
Q

After what event did the USA have to ramp up security and surveillance?

A

After the 2021 Capitol Riot in the United States, the government intensified security measures in federal areas and around high-profile political events, raising conversations about balancing security with civil liberties.

46
Q

What happened after after the 2019 stabbing attack at London Bridge?

A

the UK government expanded monitoring of known extremists and increased funding for police counter-terrorism operations, while also fast-tracking legislation to extend prison sentences for terror-related offenders.

47
Q

Extremism also puts a huge strain on resources - in what way?

A

This can mean that budgets that should be spent elsewhere on services such as education and healthcare have to be redistributed to tackle extremism instead. It also means that security services such as national police forces and local governments have to allocate a huge proportion of their resources to tackling extremism which can leave other services and needs under-funded and under-staffed.

48
Q

How has extremism in Afghanistan led to strained resources?

A

In Afghanistan, terrorist attacks by groups like ISIS-K have forced the Afghan government and international aid organizations to allocate substantial funds toward security instead of crucial development and social services.

49
Q

Countries affected by extremism are also affected by polarised political views and ideology - how?

A

The 2017 Manchester Arena bombing in the UK led to strong public and political responses, influencing debates on national security and counter-terrorism. The event intensified discussions on issues like immigration and radicalisation, polarising political views and influencing policy adjustments. Terrorism often intensifies political divides and shapes national policies. This can mean that people are more likely to support and vote for right wing parties and individuals in a misdirected attempt to keep their country ‘safe’.

50
Q

How did extremism lead to polarised political views in France?

A

In France, multiple terror incidents—including the 2020 beheading of a schoolteacher—prompted President Emmanuel Macron to push for stricter laws targeting Islamist extremism. This move was divisive domestically, with some citizens viewing the laws as necessary while others argued they targeted Muslim communities unfairly

51
Q

Who was re-elected in 2024 which seen countries reluctant to support his ideologies and views.

A

Donald Trump

52
Q

How does extremism lead to improved global co-operation?

A

Despite tensions, terrorist threats and the threat of extremism uprisings often push countries to cooperate internationally. Countries, particularly those in alliance with one another want to ensure that they have a strong global identity when tackling extremism.

53
Q

How did the Taliban take over impact other countries and their governments?

A

Following the 2021 Taliban takeover in Afghanistan, neighbouring countries, especially Pakistan, increased military spending to counter any spill over effects of extremism.

National (28 decks)

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