Nature And Variety Of Life Flashcards
What characteristics does all living organisms share?
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
Control
Which living organisms are eukaryotes ?
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctists
Which living organism is prokaryote?
Prokaryote
Describe plants
Multicellular
Cell contains chloroplast for photosynthesis
Cells have cellulose cell walls
Store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
Describe features of animals
Multicellular
No cell wall
Usually able to move from one place to another
Store carbohydrates as glycogen
Describe features of fungi
Their body usually organised into mycelium made from thread like structure ps called hyphae, which contain many nuclei
Some examples are single-celled
Cell walls made of chitin
Feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food- saprotrophic nutrition
Store carbohydrates as glycogen
Describe features of protoctists
Single-celled
For example amoeba- have features like animal cell
For example chlorella-more like a plant
Features of prokaryotes
Only has one cell
Smaller
Simple
DNA in the cytoplasm
Features of eukaryotes
Multicellular
Bigger
Complex
DNA in the nucleus
Features of bacteria
Bacteria is a prokaryote
Single-celled
Have cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids
Lack nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA
Some photosynthesis, some feed of other
What is use of bacteria ?
Rod-shaped bacterium used in production of yoghurt from milk
What bacteria causes pneumonia?
Pneumococcus
What is saprotrophic nutrition ?
Fungi secrete extracellular
Enzymes directly on the food, then break down the food into molecules
What is a pathogen?
Organism that causes disease
Features of virus
Not living organism
Parasitic- only reproduce inside other living cells
Smaller than bacteria
Infect every type of living organism
Consist of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
What disease is caused by HIV ?
AIDS
What disease is caused by tobacco mosaic virus?
Tobacco mosaic disease- prevent chloroplast forming
What disease does influenza cause?
Flu
Organelles of an animal cell?
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Organelles of a plant cell ?
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Function of cytoplasm
Jelly like substance
Where all the chemical reaction occur
Function of nucleus ?
Controls the activities of the cell
Contains DNA
Function of mitochondria
Carry’s out respiration
Releases energy
Function of chloroplast
Absorbs the light energy for photosynthesis
Function of vacuole
Contains cell sap, helps to support the cell
Function of cell membrane
Controls the substances that go in and out the cell
Function of cell wall
Made of cellulose
Supports the cell and strengthens it
Function of ribosomes
Making proteins
