Breathing And Smoking Flashcards
What is the structure of the thorax?
Nasal cavity
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Ribs
Intercostal muscles
Diaphragm
Name two parts of the breathing system where chemicals in smoke can destroy the cilia
Trachea and bronchi
What is the effect of damaged cilia ?
The mucus is not swept away from the lungs, but remains to block the air passage
cilia become paralysed, they can’t rhythmically beat
What effect does bronchitis has?
Blocks normal air flow so the sufferer has difficulty breathing
Describe bronchitis
Disease which irritates the air ways, which is the disease and the bacteria in mucus, so cilia can’t move it out as some of the cells are paralysed
What happens to the walls of alveoli when they are damaged by smoke?
They break down and fuse together again, forming enlarged and irregular air spaces
Describe how does Emphysema effects the lungs?
Disease that makes the walls of the alveoli break down and then fuse together again, making enlarged, irregular air spaces. Which makes the surface area smaller, so there is less oxygen diffusing into the blood.
Symptoms of Emphysema ?
Can’t carry out even a mild exercise such as walking/ walking up the stairs
What does carcinogen mean ?
Chemicals that causes cancer
What is a tumour?
Mutated cells that start to divide uncontrollably
What effect does carbon monoxide have?
Interfere with the bloods ability to transport oxygen around the body
Carbon monoxide in smoke
Oxygen is carried around in the blood in the RBC, attached to a chemical called haemoglobin. Carbon monoxide then combines the haemoglobin forming carboxyhaemoglobin = which makes the blood carry less oxygen around the body
What is the role of intercostal muscle and the diaphragm?
Breathing in:
Intercostal muscle and diaphragm contract
Thorax volume increase
This decreases the pressure, air in
Breathing out:
Intercostal muscle and diaphragm relax
Thorax volume decreases
Air out
Examples of chemicals in cigarettes ?
Nicotine
Carbon monoxide
Tar
