Natural Selection And Evidence For Evolution T4

Question 1

What is a fossil?

Answer 1

A fossil is any trace of an animal or plant that lived a long time ago. They are commonly found in rocks

Question 2

How can we find evidence of evolution from fossils?

Answer 2

By arranging the fossils in chronological order, gradual changes in organisms can be observed. This proves evidence for evolution because it shows how species have changed and developed.

Question 3

Who was Charles Darwin?

Answer 3

Charles Darwin the the guy that came up with the theory of evolution by natural selection.
He noticed there was variation in members of the same species and those with characteristics most suited to the environment were most likely to survive

Question 4

Who was Alfred Russel Wallace?

Answer 4

Alfred contributed to the theory of evolution, however he came up with his theory independently to Darwin. Darwin and Wallace published their papers together and acknowledged each others work ,however they did not always agree on some mechanisms of natural selection

Question 5

What proves evidence for human evolution?

Answer 5

Stone tools. We can see how previous species of human used stone tools and what they were commonly used for and how intelligent they were becoming

Question 6

What are the 5 kingdom groups?

Answer 6

Animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes (all single celled organisms without a nucleus) and protists ( all eukaryotic single celled organisms)

Question 7

What are kingdoms subdivided into?

Answer 7

Phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

Question 8

What are the 3 domains?

Answer 8

Archaea, bacteria and eukarya

Question 9

What is selective breeding?

Answer 9

Selective breeding is when human artificially select the plants or animals that are going to breed so that the genes for particular characteristics remain in the population.

Question 10

What is tissue culture?

Answer 10

Tissue culture involves growing cells on an artificial growth medium. The plant produced via tissue culture are complete clones

Question 11

How do you do tissue culture?

Answer 11

First you choose a plant
You remove several pieces of tissue from the plant
You grow the tissue in a growth medium containing nutrients and growth hormones
As the tissue grow shoots, they are to be moved to soil

Question 12

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 12

Genetic engineering involves modifying an organisms genome to introduce desirable characteristics.

Question 13

How can genetic engineering be useful for agriculture?

Answer 13

In agriculture, crops can be genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides . Making crops herbicide resistant mean farms can spray their crops to kill weeds without affecting the crop themselves

Question 14

What are GMO’s?

Answer 14

GMOs are used to rid plants of insects that reduce the yield of a crop

Question 15

What does natural selection mean?

Answer 15

Genetic variation in a species which allows them to hunt, and survive better than their peers, these animals get mates to spread their genes and the animals who are not good do not get mates so their bad genes do not spread

Question 16

How does bacteria provide evidence for evolution?

Answer 16

As we use more and more antibiotic, bacteria begins to develop a resistance to it as normal bacteria don’t survive but drug resistant bacteria survive and reproduce

Question 17

How does development of stone tools provide evidence for human evolution?

Answer 17

The different homo species started using stone tools which gradually became more complex which indicated they started to get larger brains

Question 18

What is the domain Archaea?

Answer 18

Organisms in this domain look similar to bacteria but are actually quite different as differences in the DNA and RNA sequences show. They were first found in extreme places such as hot springs and salt lakes

Question 19

What is the domain of Bacteria?

Answer 19

This domain contains true bacteria like E Coli

Question 20

What is the domain Eukarya?

Answer 20

This domain includes a broad range of organisms including fungi, plants, animals, and protists

Question 21

How is selective breeding useful in agriculture?

Answer 21

Genetic variation means that some cattle will have better characteristics for producing meat than others, to improve meat yields, a farmer could select cows and bulls with these characteristics and breed them togther

Question 22

What are restriction enzymes?

Answer 22

Restriction enzymes recognise specific sequences pf DNA and cut the DNA at these points - the pieces of DNA are left with sticky ends where they have been cut

Question 23

What do ligase enzymes do?

Answer 23

Ligase enzymes are used to join 2 bits of DNA together at their sticky ends. Two different bits of DNA stuck together are known as recombinant DNA

Question 24

What are plasmids?

Answer 24

Plasmids are small, circular molecules of DNA that can be transferred between bacteria