Natural Selection And Evidence For Evolution T4 Flashcards
What is a fossil?
A fossil is any trace of an animal or plant that lived a long time ago. They are commonly found in rocks
How can we find evidence of evolution from fossils?
By arranging the fossils in chronological order, gradual changes in organisms can be observed. This proves evidence for evolution because it shows how species have changed and developed.
Who was Charles Darwin?
Charles Darwin the the guy that came up with the theory of evolution by natural selection.
He noticed there was variation in members of the same species and those with characteristics most suited to the environment were most likely to survive
Who was Alfred Russel Wallace?
Alfred contributed to the theory of evolution, however he came up with his theory independently to Darwin. Darwin and Wallace published their papers together and acknowledged each others work ,however they did not always agree on some mechanisms of natural selection
What proves evidence for human evolution?
Stone tools. We can see how previous species of human used stone tools and what they were commonly used for and how intelligent they were becoming
What are the 5 kingdom groups?
Animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes (all single celled organisms without a nucleus) and protists ( all eukaryotic single celled organisms)
What are kingdoms subdivided into?
Phylum, class, order, family, genus and species
What are the 3 domains?
Archaea, bacteria and eukarya
What is selective breeding?
Selective breeding is when human artificially select the plants or animals that are going to breed so that the genes for particular characteristics remain in the population.
What is tissue culture?
Tissue culture involves growing cells on an artificial growth medium. The plant produced via tissue culture are complete clones
How do you do tissue culture?
First you choose a plant
You remove several pieces of tissue from the plant
You grow the tissue in a growth medium containing nutrients and growth hormones
As the tissue grow shoots, they are to be moved to soil
What is genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering involves modifying an organisms genome to introduce desirable characteristics.
How can genetic engineering be useful for agriculture?
In agriculture, crops can be genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides . Making crops herbicide resistant mean farms can spray their crops to kill weeds without affecting the crop themselves
What are GMO’s?
GMOs are used to rid plants of insects that reduce the yield of a crop
What does natural selection mean?
Genetic variation in a species which allows them to hunt, and survive better than their peers, these animals get mates to spread their genes and the animals who are not good do not get mates so their bad genes do not spread
How does bacteria provide evidence for evolution?
As we use more and more antibiotic, bacteria begins to develop a resistance to it as normal bacteria don’t survive but drug resistant bacteria survive and reproduce
How does development of stone tools provide evidence for human evolution?
The different homo species started using stone tools which gradually became more complex which indicated they started to get larger brains
What is the domain Archaea?
Organisms in this domain look similar to bacteria but are actually quite different as differences in the DNA and RNA sequences show. They were first found in extreme places such as hot springs and salt lakes
What is the domain of Bacteria?
This domain contains true bacteria like E Coli
What is the domain Eukarya?
This domain includes a broad range of organisms including fungi, plants, animals, and protists
How is selective breeding useful in agriculture?
Genetic variation means that some cattle will have better characteristics for producing meat than others, to improve meat yields, a farmer could select cows and bulls with these characteristics and breed them togther
What are restriction enzymes?
Restriction enzymes recognise specific sequences pf DNA and cut the DNA at these points - the pieces of DNA are left with sticky ends where they have been cut
What do ligase enzymes do?
Ligase enzymes are used to join 2 bits of DNA together at their sticky ends. Two different bits of DNA stuck together are known as recombinant DNA
What are plasmids?
Plasmids are small, circular molecules of DNA that can be transferred between bacteria
