Natural Selection Flashcards
What is evolution?
Gradual change open the characteristics of a species over time
What did humans (homosapiens) evolve from?
Apes
An example of evidence of evolution..
Adaptations between fossils
What’s a fossil?
Remains of an organism found in rock.
How can the remains be preserved?
Through ice
Tree sap hardening
What happens to the bones of dead animals
Washed away through ground water
How can fossils rise from deep within the earths crust?
Through earthquakes
Mountains rising naturally
Simplest fossils are found in the_____ rock
In the oldest rock
How are fossils useful ?
They provide a snapshot of what an organism looked like
How do fossils support the theory of evolution?
Older fossils are found in older rock, newer fossils are found in newer rock,we can see the changes through the change in rock
What was Darwin’s theory of evolution?
Organisms best adapted for their environment will survive and pass on their characteristics.
What is classification?
Grouping of organism based on similarities of features
What’s artificial classification?
Classification based on observable features
E.g hair colour, beak shape
What’s natural classification?
Grouping of organisms based on links in evolution.
Who developed the first classification system 250 years ago
Carl Linnaues
What’s a taxon ?
A unit of a heirarchal system
What are the 7 taxons called
King- Kingdom
Prawn- phylum
Curry - Class
Or
Fat- Family
Greasy- genus
Sausages- species
What is a species ?
Two members of the same species can produce viable offspring
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protists (eukaryotic) - have a nucleus
Prokaryotes ( prokaryotic - no nuckeus)
Natural selection is..
Survival of the fittest . Animals with desirable traits surviving and passing on genes.
Artificial selection is …
Trates humans select to be passed on for generations.
Selective breeding is…
Breeding animals eachover that have desirable traits
What are plants and animals selectively bred for?
Disease resistance
Yield ( how much product they make)
Fast growth
Coping with environmental conditions
Genetic engineering is
Pros, cons
Changing the dna of an organism by inserting genes of another. Faster than artificial selection. much more expensive than artificial selection
What’s golden rice genetically modified for…
To help humans produce beta carotene ( more vitamin A)
Benefits of genetically modified organisms…
Make organisms resistant to disease
Genetically modified pigs developed human like organisms for transplants
Gm sheep produce protein in their milk to fight diseases
Issues with genetic engineering…
Seeds for gm crops are more expensive
Health issues eating gm crops
Gm crops could reproduce with wild plant varieties
Medicines made by gm bacteria may not work as well
How’s genetic material arranges inside a bacteria.
One large loop of dna and some smaller ones called plasmids
What are ligase enzymes used for?
Used to stick the insulin gene and the plasmid gene together, forming a recombinant plasmid
