Key Words Flashcards
What’s the eye piece lens?
The part of the microscope you look down.
What’s the objective lens ?
The part of a microscope that’s closest to the specimen
What’s a stain?
A dye used to colour parts of a cell so they’re more visible by microscope
What’s aerobic respiration?
A type of respiration in which oxygen is used to release energy from substances, such as glucose.
What’s the cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of a cell.
What’s the cell sap?
Liquid found in the permanent vacuole of a plant cell
What’s the cell wall?
Used for protection and support
Made of cellulose in plant cells
Bacteria have a flexible cell wall
What’s chlorophyll?
Green substance found in chloroplasts. Traps energy transferred by light
What’s a chloroplast?
A green disc containing chlorophyll.
Where the plant makes glucose using photosynthesis
What’s a cytoplasm ?
Watery jelly inside a cell where all the cells activities take place
What’s DNA?
A substance that contains genetic information. Short for deoxyribonucleic acid.
What’s a eukaryotic cell?
A cell with a nucleus is eukaryotic. Organisms that have cells like this are also said to be eukaryotic.
What’s the field of view ?
The circle of light you see looking down a microscope.
What’s mitochondria ?
In the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells , where aerobic respiration occurs
What’s the nucleus ?
The control centre of a eukaryotic cell
What’s a ribosome?
Tiny sub-cellular structure that makes proteins
What’s the scale bar?
A line drawn on a magnified image that shows a certain distance at that magnification.
What’s a vacuole?
A storage space in cells. Plant cells have a large, permanent vacuole that helps to keep them rigid.
What’s an acrosome?
A small vacuole in the tip of the head of a sperm cell, which contains enzymes.
What’s a ciliated epithelial cell?
A cell that lines certain tubes in the body and has cilia on its surface.
What’s cillia?
A small hair-like structure on the surface of some cells. Plural is cilia.
What’s a diploid?
Describes a cell that has 2 sets of chromosomes
What’s an egg cell?
The female gamete ( sex cell)
What’s an embryo?
The tiny new life that grows by cell division from a fertilised egg cell (zygote).
What’s an enzyme ?
A substance that can speed up some processes in living things (e.g. breaking down molecules).
What’s an epithelial cell?
A cell found on surfaces of the body
What’s fertilisation?
Fusing of a male gamete with a female gamete
What’s a gamete?
A cell used for sexual reproduction
What’s a haploid ?
A cell with One set of chromosomes
What’s a microvillus?
A fold on the surface of a villus cell. These folds increase the surface area so that digested food is absorbed more quickly. Plural is microvilli.
What’s a sperm cell?
The male gamete ( sex cell)
What’s chromosomal DNA?
DNA found in chromosomes but the term is often used to describe the large loop of DNA found in bacteria.
What’s flagellum
A tail-like structure that rotates, allowing a unicellular organism to move. Plural is flagella.
What’s a plasmid?
A small loop of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria
What’s plasmid dna?
DNA found in plasmids
What’s a prokaryotic cell
A cell with no nucleus is prokaryotic. Organisms such as bacteria, which have cells like this, are also said to be prokaryotic.
What’s a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up the rate of a reactiom
What’s a monomer?
A small molecule that can join with other molecules like itself to form a polymer.
What’s a polymer?
A substance made up of very long molecules containing repeating groups of atoms. (Formed by joining monomer molecules together.)
What’s a product ?
A substance formed in a reaction
What’s a substrate?
A substance that’s changed during a reactiom
What’s synthesis?
To build a large moleculesfrom smaller subunits
What’s Benedict’s solution?
A bright blue chemical reagent that turns orange or red when warmed with a solution of reducing sugars
What’s a biuret test?
A test that uses copper sulfate solution and potassium hydroxide solution to test for proteins. The blue of the copper sulfate solution turns purple in the presence of proteins.
What a calorimeter?
Equipment used to measure the energy released from a substance by burning it.
What’s a chemical reagent?
A substance or mixture used in chemical analysis or reactions.
What’s an iodine solution
A yellow - orange solution that turns black - blue when in contact with starch
What’s a precipitate ?
Insoluble substance formed when two soluble substances react together
What’s a reducing sugar ?
A simple sugar, such as glucose or fructose, that reacts with (reduces) Benedict’s solution and changes its colour.
What’s the active site?
The space in an enzyme where the substrate fits during an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
What does it mean if an enzyme becomes denatured ?
A denatured enzyme is one where the shape of the active site has changed so much that its substrate no longer fits and the reaction can no longer happen.
What active transport ?
Movement of particles across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration
What’s osmosis?
Movement of solvent molecules in a solution across a partially permeable membrane
Dilute concentration to a more concentrated one
What’s a passive process!
Doesn’t require energy
What’s a solute?
A solid that’s dissolved into a liquid to make a solution
What’s a Solvent
The liquid in which a substance dissolves to make a solution
How do we test for lipids?
Do the emulsion test
- Add ethanol
- shake
- Pour solution into water
4 positive = milky
How do we test for starch ?
The iodine test
1.add iodine to the sample
2. Positive = blue black colour
How do we calculate energy in food ??
Energy in food = Mass of water (g) X temp change X 4.2
What’s diffusion?
The movement of particles
From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
