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Geography > Natural Hazards > Flashcards

Natural Hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a natural hazard?

A

An unexpected or uncontrollable natural event that threatens people

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2
Q

What are the four types of natural hazards?

A

Tectonic, Atmospheric, Geomorphological, Biological

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3
Q

Give the three types of tectonic hazards

A

Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Volcanoes

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4
Q

Give the two types of atmospheric hazards

A

Droughts and Tropical Storms

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5
Q

Give the five types of geomorphological hazards

A

Avalanches, Sinkholes, Sandstorms, Floods, Landslides

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6
Q

Give one type of biological hazard

A

Forest Fires

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7
Q

What is the structure of the earth?

A

Inner core, Outer core, Mantle, Crust

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8
Q

What are the two types of crust?

A

Oceanic and Continental crust, oceanic crust is thinner, more dense and made of basalt whereas continental crust is thicker, less dense and made of granite.

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9
Q

Plate margin

A

Where two tectonic plates meet, also called a plate boundary

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10
Q

What is the name of the current in the mantle?

A

Convection currents

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11
Q

Where are volcanoes located?

A

Volcanoes are mostly located linearly along tectonic plate boundaries

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12
Q

Why do tectonic plates move?

A

Slab pull and convection currents

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13
Q

What is the name for one plate sinking under another

A

Subduction

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14
Q

Name the three types of plate margins

A

Constructive, Destructive, Conservative

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15
Q

Active volcano

A

Has erupted within the past 2000 years

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16
Q

Dormant volcano

A

Not erupted for at least 2000 years but has the potential to erupt again

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17
Q

Extinct volcano

A

Will not erupt again

18
Q

What type of volcano forms at a constructive plate boundary?

A

A shield volcano

19
Q

What type of volcano forms at a destructive plate boundary?

A

A composite volcano

20
Q

What is an earthquake

A

The shaking of the earth’s surface

21
Q

How are earthquakes measured?

A

Using the Richter Scale, it is logarithmic meaning each point is 10 times more destructive than the previous point

22
Q

What is the focus?

A

The point inside the earth where the earthquake started

23
Q

What is the epicentre?

A

The location directly above the focus

24
Q

What four things reduce the risk of natural hazards?

A

Monitoring, prediction, protection and planning

25
Q

Monitoring

A

Using scientific equipment to detect warning signs of events. Not so useful for earthquakes. There may be some signs an earthquake is imminent like tremors or foreshocks but often there are tremors but no earthquake.

26
Q

Prediction

A

Using historical evidence and monitoring, scientists can make predictions about where and when a tectonic hazard may happen but it is impossible to predict an earthquake.

27
Q

Protection

A

Designing buildings that will withstand tectonic hazards.

28
Q

Planning

A

Identifying and avoiding places most at risk, making sure people are prepared for a tectonic hazard.

29
Q

Tropical storms

A

Large areas of low pressure or extreme depressions that bring high winds and torrential rain, as they move they rotate, they have winds above 74mph

30
Q

Low pressure

A

A point of rising air and rainfall

31
Q

High pressure

A

A point of falling air and dry weather

32
Q

Where do tropical storms occur?

A

Over 27 degree seas, between 5 and 30 degrees north or south of the equator in the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.

33
Q

Low wind shear

A

Winds at all levels of the atmosphere blowing in the same direction

34
Q

Give three names for a tropical storm

A

Hurricane, Cyclone, Typhoon

35
Q

What are towering bands of cloud called?

A

Cumulonimbus clouds

36
Q

What is the name given to the wind that rushes in from areas of high pressure?

A

Trade winds

37
Q

What is in the middle of a storm?

A

The eye

38
Q

Why do tropical storms spin?

A

The Coriolis effect

39
Q

How does climate change impact tropical storms?

A

Frequency, Intensity and Distribution

40
Q

What was the name of the typhoon that struck the Philippines?

A

Typhoon Haiyan

Geography (12 decks)

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