nationalism gen. Flashcards
Von Herder general x2 then blah
1) Cultural nationalism – every nation was different, and that every nation had its own unique cultural character.
2) Volk –the Volk (the people) identified as the root of national culture and special nature (volksgeist), which each nation should try to express.
Herder is associated with culturalism, rejecting rational forms of nationalism. Instead, he suggested that each nation is different in essence, and this is revealed through distinct culture, customs, languages, folklore and shared history. People should be encouraged to understand the distinctive qualities of their nation. The volk (people) are the root of national culture. Herder saw nationality as important, suggesting that patriotism was an important quality to have.
von herder human nature
Herder emphasised the importance of Volksgeist, or the collective spirit of a people. He believed that societies are organic entities, characterised by their distinct languages, traditions, and customs. Herder advocated for the preservation and celebration of these cultural differences,
von herder the state
Herder’s views on the state were deeply rooted in his conception of Volksgeist. He believed that the state should reflect the cultural identity of its people, serving as a vehicle for the expression and preservation of their unique heritage. Herder opposed the imposition of external political structures that threatened to homogenise or suppress the cultural diversity of a nation.
von herder the economy
While Herder did not focus extensively on economic theory, his nationalist perspective influenced his views on the economy. He saw economic activity as intricately linked to cultural identity and believed that economic policies should prioritise the well-being and autonomy of the nation. Herder was wary of economic globalisation and its potential to erode national cultures and identities.
Maurras general x2 then blah
1) Integral nationalism – an intensely emotional form of nationalism where individuals were encouraged to submerge themselves into their nation.
2) Militarism – integral nationalism encourages nations to have a strong military ethos.
Maurras was a French nationalist who supported integral nationalism, which influenced fascist ideas. He believed that nations should be put before individuals, allowing for a totalitarian state which would be aggressively expansionist, dominating all aspects of society. Individuals would be expected to be devoted to the nation and unquestioningly loyal to it. He also suggested that countries best placed to achieve independence and statehood are those with strong armed forces, which will then lead to integral nationalism.
maurras human nature
Maurras believed in the existence of a natural hierarchy among individuals and groups within society. He argued that human nature is inherently hierarchical, with some individuals naturally inclined to lead and others to follow. Maurras emphasised the importance of tradition and order in maintaining social stability and hierarchy.
maurras economy
Maurras’ economic views were shaped by his nationalist perspective. He supported economic policies that prioritised the interests of the nation-state over individual or corporate profit. Maurras rejected laissez-faire capitalism in favour of state intervention to regulate the economy and promote national self-sufficiency. He believed that economic prosperity was essential for maintaining the strength and independence of the nation.
maurras society
Maurras viewed society as an organic entity characterised by hierarchy and order. He advocated for a hierarchical social structure based on merit and virtue, with authority centralised in a strong and stable state. Maurras opposed social fragmentation and embraced the idea of a unified national identity rooted in shared culture, language, and history.
maurras the state
Maurras’s conception of the state was deeply intertwined with his nationalist ideology. He believed in the supremacy of the state as the ultimate authority, responsible for upholding order and promoting the common good. Maurras advocated for a centralised and authoritarian state led by an elite ruling class, which would guide society according to traditional values and principles.
Maurras was an ardent supporter of the monarchy and Catholic Church within French society.
garvey general x2 then blah
1) Black pride –African people encouraged to be proud of their race and to see beauty in their own kind.
2) Pan-Africanism – that African people, in every part of the world, were one people and that they would never progress if they did not put aside their cultural and ethnic differences.
Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and is associated with black nationalism. He thought that African people should embrace and be proud of their cultural identity, including physical characteristics, (black pride) and wished for the creation of a United States of Africa. He advanced a philosophy of pan-Africanism, where the imperialist rule should be ended and modern, self-sufficient African nations should be developed. This would allow black people to be respected by white people, as they would prove capable of running and organising economically successful nations. He also supported racial separatism, although did not wish for hostility with white people.
pan-africanism
1) Black pride –African people encouraged to be proud of their race and to see beauty in their own kind.
2) Pan-Africanism – that African people, in every part of the world, were one people and that they would never progress if they did not put aside their cultural and ethnic differences.
Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and is associated with black nationalism. He thought that African people should embrace and be proud of their cultural identity, including physical characteristics, (black pride) and wished for the creation of a United States of Africa. He advanced a philosophy of pan-Africanism, where the imperialist rule should be ended and modern, self-sufficient African nations should be developed. This would allow black people to be respected by white people, as they would prove capable of running and organising economically successful nations. He also supported racial separatism, although did not wish for hostility with white people.
garvey on state
While Garvey’s focus was more on global Black solidarity than on the traditional nation-state, he still emphasised the importance of self-determination for African nations. He advocated for the independence of African countries from colonial rule and the establishment of strong, sovereign states governed by and for Black people. Garvey’s vision included the creation of political institutions that would serve the interests of African nations and their people
garvey on human nature
Garvey believed in the inherent dignity and potential of the African people. He rejected racist ideologies that denigrated people of African descent and instead emphasised the strength and resilience of African heritage. Garvey argued for the empowerment of Black people worldwide, advocating for racial pride and self-respect.
garvey on economy
Garvey recognised the economic exploitation faced by Black communities under colonialism and imperialism. He called for economic self-reliance and empowerment, encouraging Black economic entrepreneurship and cooperative ventures. Garvey’s economic vision included initiatives such as the development of Black-owned businesses, investment in education and vocational training, and the creation of economic institutions to serve the needs of Black communities.
Garvey on society
Garvey envisioned a unified global community of Black people, transcending national boundaries and uniting under a shared identity. He promoted the idea of African solidarity, encouraging cooperation and mutual support among Black individuals and communities worldwide. Garvey sought to create social cohesion and upliftment within the Black diaspora through his Pan-Africanist vision.
