Nationalism

Question 1

Why?

Answer 1

Nationalism = greatest ‘religion’ of the 19th century

Liberalism could not be separated from Nationalism
 Driven by middle class values
 Would only happen once at a national level of self-determination and facilitation
 Developed in the aftermath of the French revolution

Question 2

More why?

Answer 2

The right of people to rule themselves was a right of nation

End of Napoleonic period changed everything and nothing at the same time and the Congress of Vienna decided not to deal with national self-determination - no desire to create Napoleons work of uniting Italy

Former states that ruled other people were given that territory back (Lombardi in Italy was returned to the Habsburgs, etc.)

National self-awareness was not an issue in terms of political action

CLASS differentiation
–> Peasants had no respect smh – they found that the only protection they had from their landlords was their imperial bureaucracy (the law did apply to them!)

–> Landlords generally despised them and saw them as a lower form on life

 The great complicating factor in this was PAN GERMANISM*** he idea or principle of a political unification of all Europeans speaking German or a Germanic language.
influenced by anti-semitism —> Holocaust

Question 3

Nationalism vs Liberalism

Answer 3

The Nationalist movements in most European areas began to merge with LIBERALSIM –> Has to do with social and economic class that drove both of them

National liberty was an element of liberty and had to do with the ability of groups of people to determine their own futures, economies, cultural organs of expression, etc.

• -> Liberalism as a revolutionary dynamic
• -> These nationalist stuff came together in 1844 when the French overthrew Louis Phillip!

France wasn’t the leading nation and Europe and this was an ISSUE

 “What’s freedom for me is oppression for you”
 Lack of unity amongst various revolutionaries
 When faced with independence, the powerful German minority became nervous:9  

 Bohemia wanted to become a part of Germany
 SMOL Slavic minority in a large german thing NO NO
 Congress of Slavic people who composed the former Habsburg empire
 Obvs led to violence
 Civil war broke out in the city and elsewhere
 had to reach a compromise
 it was made by the pro Habsburgs
 BRING BACK THE HABSBURGSSSSSSSS
 Bohemia was reunited with the Habsburg crown
 Similar thing happened in Italy

 Indeeeeed indeed the liberals were SO LIBERAL that they realized it made them realize the subject peoples and that it particular involved the poles

 The poles demanded self-government