National Parks Flashcards
how many parks were established in 1885-1935?
18 parks were established 15 in western canada
they were made to preserve water systems - the government wanted control
today there are 37 national parks
What was the Dominion forest reserves & parks act of 1911?
it was the worlds first national parks service
creating legislation to better define what parks and reserves included
parks were for recreation, but resource extraction was still happening
Who was James B Harkin and what did he do?
He was a commissioner of the parks branch
started off as a newspaper man, but then helped with the creation of 12 new national parks
he removed indigenous people from the parks, prioritizing tourism development over the protection of nature and indigenous people.
wanted to make it profitable- turned to tourism
National parks act of 1930
this was when parks and reserves separated
new legislation replaced old ones, this gave western provinces control over their own resources
Section 4
more regulation and policy for parks & reserves - maintenance and protection
park expansion stalled because of WW2 and GDP
Parks as prisoners of war camps
they were used to imprison the enemies, jobless, homeless, POW
they put them to work, cheap or free labour, to develop the parks
park officials offered jobs to people in the GD, or men who didn’t want to go to war. men worked in lake louise, banff and elk island
many people were from ukraine, under austro-hungarian control.
lasted from the first-2nd world war
Japanese people
they were accused of being part of the perl harbour attacks: they were sent to work at the yellow head pass & rail roadds.
Post-war outdoor Recreational boom
there was an increase in nature based tourism, increased visitation which brought stress to the parks, they were ‘loving’ nature to death - litter, over use, wildlife encounters
this could happen because people had decreased work hours in a week, allowed them more free time to go out to nature, as well as the discovery of the automobile - could get out of the city
National & Provincial parks association of Canada NPPAC
they fought for many parks and were against large scale resource development in parks.
they shut down the Calgary 1972 olympics because they didn’t want it to harm the environment.
resource for tomorrow conference - using natural resources to grow the economy after the war
when did large scale park expansion occur?
at the end of the 1960’s, there was a large shift to preservation and the expansion of parks
Who was Jean Chretien?
the minister of indian affairs, he added 10 new parks to canada
what was the 1970’s plan?
parks should represent canada’s diversity, each park in a zone in canada
What was the White paper 1969 movement?
an aboriginal movement that called for the abolition of the indian act - rise of indigenous rights
the government couldn’t make parks on indigenous titled land, so they joined up with indigneous people to helped manage the land
Ecological Integrity
preserving parks for people, nature and animals
ecosystems are dynamic and always changing, can’t be preserved forever
What is C PAWS?
canadian parks and wilderness society
- pushed to include preservationism into park policy and legislation
