Conservation movement Era Flashcards
When was the progressive Era?
1896 -1917
- NA politics marked by social activism and political reform
- adressed many industrial problems
monopolies
formation of many labour unions
Temperance movement
banning of alcohol, drugs, gangs, gambling
What was the conservation movement?
late 19th C
protected natural resources
fizzled out with the 1920 economic boom
what was the Environmental movement?
1950’s
reduced polution to protect ecosystemd and human health
grew in the 1960’s and 70’s
George Perkins Marsh 3 fundamental principles of conservation:
- natural resources are finite
- humans and nature are interdependent
- overuse of resources disrupts the natural balance
how did George Perkins Marsh establish more forestry techniques?
helped the American forest association apply more rational and scientific management techniques
Conservationism
use of natural resources
how we can get the greatest good for a high price
What happened in 1890?
close of the American frontier
end of free land
government interfered to protect forests
Preservationism
promotes the preservation of wilderness for its value
a minority viewpoint within the idea of conservation
Conservation movement in Canada
the myth of super abundance shaped how people viewed the land
people didn’t like the idea of putting limits on resources
What is selective cutting?
maintaining forest integrity, ground cover
the regeneration of trees
North American Conservation Conference
regulation of private resource development, forest and watershed conservation, pollution control, urban health, putting limits on what we can take
they called for…
- more national parks
- better urban housing
opposed the clear cutting of forests
- small hydroelectricity projects
- composting & recycling
- filters on smoke stacks
National parks
Banff was the first one - 1885, called rocky mountain park
18 parks were established, 15 in western Canada
Tourism
CPR drove the establishment of national parks in western canada.
promoted rich people to visit the hot springs - the elites
Resource extraction
Parks got into conflict with resource developers who usually won
banff NP boundaries occasionally shifted to accommodate the construction of a quarry
Forest & watershed conservation
Protecting the Saskatchewan river watershed
What was the dominion forest reserve & parks act?
happened in 1911
conjunction of forest reserves and parks
Wildlife
Set out to protect proghorns and bison populations
6 parks were set to protect wildlife, 4 failed after WW2
indigenous people
they were removed from parks to protect wildlife and to maintain a certain tour aesthetic
they were seen as eye sores, so they kept them on reserves to preserve culture
Wildlife conservation
most people thought wildlife was so abundant, lead to the extirpation of beaver and bison populations
people hunted them for sport, sports men fought for wildlife conservation to promote tourism and let populations regenerate
Conservation after the commission died
Died in 1921
opened the floodgates to resources
GDP lead to the decline of conservation movement
drew attention to the idea that resources were not finate.
