NASM- Principles of Human Science

Question 1

Concentric

Answer 1

moving in opposite direction of force, accelerates or produces force; muscle shortens

Question 2

Eccentric

Answer 2

Muscle develops tension while lengthening; decelerates force

Question 3

Isometric

Answer 3

muscular force equal to resistive force, stablizes force; no change in muscle length

Question 4

Length-tension relationship

Answer 4

resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that length

Question 5

Force- couple

Answer 5

Muscles working together to produce movement

Question 6

Force-velocity Curve

Answer 6

as the velocity of a contraction increase, concentric force decrease and eccentric force increase

Question 7

Neuromuscular efficiency

Answer 7

ability to produce and reduce force, and stabilizes the kinetic chain in all three planes of motion

Question 8

Structural Efficiency

Answer 8

alignment of the musculoskeletal system that allows center of gravity to be maintained over a base of support

Question 9

Davis’s Law

Answer 9

soft tissue models along the lines of stress

Question 10

Autogenic Inhibition

Answer 10

neural impulses that sense tension are great that the impulses that cause muscles to contract . provides inhibitory effect to muscle spindles

Question 11

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 11

Simultaneous contraction of one muscle , and relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement

Question 12

Relative Flexibility

Answer 12

Tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance

Question 13

Pattern Overload

Answer 13

consistently repeating the same motion; places abnormal stresses on the body

Question 14

Postural distortion pattern

Answer 14

predictable patterns of muscle imbalances

Question 15

Altered Reciprocal Inhibition

Answer 15

muscles inhibition caused by a tight agonist , which inhibits its functional antagonist

Question 16

Synergistic dominance

Answer 16

inappropriate muscle takes over function of a weak or inhibited prime mover

Question 17

Muscle imbalance

Answer 17

alteration of muscles length surrounding a joint

Question 18

OPT Model

-Stabilization

Answer 18

ability to maintain postural equilibrium and support joints during movement

Question 19

OPT Model

- Strength

Answer 19

ability of the neuromuscular system to produce internal tension to overcome an external force

Question 20

OPT Model

Strength sub groups

Answer 20

Strength endurance - ability to repeatedly produce high levels of force for prolonged periods
Maximal strength- maximal force a muscle can produce in a single voluntary effort
Muscular Hypertrophy- enlargement of skeletal muscle fibers from resistance training

Question 21

Power

Answer 21

ability to produce the greatest force in the shortest time

Question 22

Cumulative injury cycle

Answer 22

1. tissue trauma
2. Inflammation
3. Muscle spasm
4. Adhesion
5. Altered neuromuscular control
6. Muscle Imbalance

Question 23

Motor behavior

Answer 23

motor response to internal and external stimuli

Question 24

Motor Control

Answer 24

how the CNS integrates sensory information with previous experiences

Question 25

Motor Learning

Answer 25

Integration of motor control processes through practice, leading to a relatively permanent change to produce skilled movement.

Question 26

Motor development

Answer 26

The change in motor skill behavior over the throughout the lifespan

Question 27

Sensorimotor Intergration

Answer 27

cooperation of the nervous and muscular systems in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement .

Question 28

Muscle synergies

Answer 28

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the CNS to provide movement

Question 29

Proprioception

Answer 29

Cumulative sensory input from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements.

Question 30

Feedback

Answer 30

use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the HMS in motor learning

Question 31

Internal Feedback

Answer 31

Sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment.

Question 32

External Feedback

Answer 32

information provided by some external source (e.g., fitness professional, recording, mirror, etc) to supplement the internal environment.