NASM- Principles of Human Science Flashcards
Concentric
moving in opposite direction of force, accelerates or produces force; muscle shortens
Eccentric
Muscle develops tension while lengthening; decelerates force
Isometric
muscular force equal to resistive force, stablizes force; no change in muscle length
Length-tension relationship
resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that length
Force- couple
Muscles working together to produce movement
Force-velocity Curve
as the velocity of a contraction increase, concentric force decrease and eccentric force increase
Neuromuscular efficiency
ability to produce and reduce force, and stabilizes the kinetic chain in all three planes of motion
Structural Efficiency
alignment of the musculoskeletal system that allows center of gravity to be maintained over a base of support
Davis’s Law
soft tissue models along the lines of stress
Autogenic Inhibition
neural impulses that sense tension are great that the impulses that cause muscles to contract . provides inhibitory effect to muscle spindles
Reciprocal inhibition
Simultaneous contraction of one muscle , and relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement
Relative Flexibility
Tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance
Pattern Overload
consistently repeating the same motion; places abnormal stresses on the body
Postural distortion pattern
predictable patterns of muscle imbalances
Altered Reciprocal Inhibition
muscles inhibition caused by a tight agonist , which inhibits its functional antagonist
Synergistic dominance
inappropriate muscle takes over function of a weak or inhibited prime mover
Muscle imbalance
alteration of muscles length surrounding a joint
OPT Model
-Stabilization
ability to maintain postural equilibrium and support joints during movement
OPT Model
- Strength
ability of the neuromuscular system to produce internal tension to overcome an external force
OPT Model
Strength sub groups
Strength endurance - ability to repeatedly produce high levels of force for prolonged periods
Maximal strength- maximal force a muscle can produce in a single voluntary effort
Muscular Hypertrophy- enlargement of skeletal muscle fibers from resistance training
Power
ability to produce the greatest force in the shortest time
Cumulative injury cycle
- tissue trauma
- Inflammation
- Muscle spasm
- Adhesion
- Altered neuromuscular control
- Muscle Imbalance
Motor behavior
motor response to internal and external stimuli
Motor Control
how the CNS integrates sensory information with previous experiences
Motor Learning
Integration of motor control processes through practice, leading to a relatively permanent change to produce skilled movement.
Motor development
The change in motor skill behavior over the throughout the lifespan
Sensorimotor Intergration
cooperation of the nervous and muscular systems in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement .
Muscle synergies
Groups of muscles that are recruited by the CNS to provide movement
Proprioception
Cumulative sensory input from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements.
Feedback
use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the HMS in motor learning
Internal Feedback
Sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment.
External Feedback
information provided by some external source (e.g., fitness professional, recording, mirror, etc) to supplement the internal environment.
