NASM -Endocrine System & Cardio-respiratory System Flashcards
Endocrine system
system of glands ; secrets hormones to regulate bodily function
Testosterone
Responsible for male sex traits (adrenal glands)
Estrogen
influences fat deposition on hips, buttocks, and thighs; responsible for female sex traits
Growth hormone
anabolic hormone; responsible for bodily growth up until puberty
Insulin
Regulates energy and glucose metabolism in the body , secreted by pancreas
Cardiorespiratory System
cardiovascular and respiratory system
Cardiovascular System
heart, blood, vessels
Cardiac Muscle
shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle, involuntary
atria
smaller, superior chamber of the heart; receive blood from veins
Right Atrium
gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart
Left Atrium
gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs
Sinoartial (SA) Node
located in right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate; “pacemaker for the heart
Ventricles
Larger, inferior chambers of the heart. pump blood out
Right Ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Left Ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body
Arteries
Cary blood away from the heart
Veins
Carry blood to the heart
Arterioles
Small branches of arteries; end in capillaries
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels ; sites go gas , chemical, and water exchange
Venules
Very small; connect capillaries to larger veins
Stoke volume
amount of blood pumped with each contraction
Heart rate
The rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult 70-80 bpm
Respiratory system
lungs and respiratory pathways; brings in oxygen, removes CO2
Inspiration
contacting inspiratory muscles to move air into lungs
Inspiratory muscles
Primary - diaphragm, external intercostals
Secondary - scalenes, petoralis minor, abdominals
Expiration
relaxing inspiratory muscles (passive), contracting expiratory muscles(active to move air out.
Expiratory muscles
internal intercostals , abdominals
Resting Oxygen Consumption (VO2)
-3.5 ml x kgv-1 x minv-1=1 metabolic equivalent (MET)
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max )
highest rate of oxygen transportation and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion
Abnormal breathing patterns
associated with stress and anxiety ; may result in headaches, fatigue, poor circulation, and/or poor sleeping patterns
Cardiorespiratory exercise:
Increases ?
Decreased
Increases- cardiac output , breathing efficiency, oxygen transport and use , use of fats for fuel, metal alertness, ability to relax and sleep, tolerance to stress , lean body mass, metabolic rate
Decreases -resting heart rate, cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risk of heart disease, blood clots , depression, anxiety, obesity, and diabetes
cardiac output
volume of blood pumped per min; heart rate x stroke volume
