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Anatomy > Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nasal cavity composed of externally?

A

bone
cartilage
muscle

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2
Q

What are the bones of the external nose?

A

extensions of the skull
* Nasal bones
* Frontal processes of
maxillae

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3
Q

What are the cartilages of the nose?

A
  • Septal cartilage
  • Major & minor alar
    cartilages
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4
Q

What are the muscles overlying the bone and cartilage?

A
  • Nasalis
  • Depressor septi nasi
  • Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
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5
Q

What are the paired cavities seperated by?

A

nasal septum

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6
Q

How is the nasal cavity seperated from the oral cavity?

A

hard palate (floor)

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7
Q

What are the anterior apertures of the nasal cavity?

A

nares

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8
Q

What are the posterior apertures of the nasal cavity?

A

choanae
which open into the nasopharynx

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9
Q

What receptors does the nasal cavity have?

A

olfactory responsible for smell

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10
Q

How is inhaled air warmed, moistened and filtered?

A

by the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity

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11
Q

Where does olfaction occur?

A

in upper part of the nasal cavity where airflow is diverted especially when “sniffing ”

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12
Q

What is the hard palate made of?

A
  • Palatine process of maxilla
  • Horizontal plate of the palatine bones
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13
Q

What is at the floor of the cavity?

A

hard palate
nares
incisive canals (nasopalatine canals)
nasal crest

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14
Q

What do the incisive canals connect and what do they contain?

A
  • Connection between nasal & oral cavities
  • Contains the nasopalatine nerve & greater palatine artery
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15
Q

What is the nasal crest?

what attaches to it

A
  • Ridge formed at the connection of paired maxillae & palatine bones
  • Attachment of the vomer of the nasal septum
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16
Q

What is the medial wall of the nasal cavities?

A

nasal septum

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17
Q

What forms the nasal septum?

A
  • Septal cartilage
  • Perpendicular plate of
    the ethmoid bone
  • Vomer
18
Q

What is septal deviation and how is it corrected?

A
  • Septum is displaced away from the midline
  • The extent of displacement can range from mild to severe
  • This can be due to a birth defect or, most commonly, caused by injury
  • It means that the nasal cavity on one side is obstructed causing symptoms such as snoring, difficulty breathing through the nose, nosebleeds
  • It can be corrected surgically
19
Q

Why is the roof narrower than the floor?

A

due to the wedge shape of the nasal cavity

20
Q

What is the highest point of the cavity formed by?

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

21
Q

What does the cribriform plate have?

A

many foramina to allow the passage of the olfactory nerves into the nasal cavity from the olfactory bulb on the base of the brain

22
Q

What is the anterior roof formed by?

A
  • Nasal bones
  • Nasal spine of the frontal bone
23
Q

What is the posterior roof formed by?

A

sphenoid bone

24
Q

What are olfactory nerves anchored by?

A

by dura as they pass through the cribriform plate

25
Q

Where are olfactory nerves distributed to?

A

to the roof & upper aspect of the nasal cavity

26
Q

What can trauma/pathologies causing the brain and olfactory bulb to move do?

A

may tear the olfactory nerves causing anosmia

27
Q

What can fractures of the cribriform plate cause?

A

CSF rhinorrhoea

28
Q

What are the structures of the lateral wall?

A

nasal bone
lacrimal bone
lateral process of septal cartilage
major alar cartilage
minor alar cartilage
inferior concha
middle concha
superior concha
perpendicular plate of palatine bone
medial petrygoid plate of sphenoid bone
ethmoid

29
Q

What are the features of the ethmoid bone?

A

the ethmoid bone is a major component of the nasal cavity

It has a left & right ethmoidal labyrinth with a single, midline perpendicular plate & cribriform plate

The ethmoidal labyrinth projects two of the three conchae into the nasal cavity; the superior & middle conchae

30
Q

What is underneath the conchae?

A

the corresponding meatus

31
Q

What does the structural arrangement of the conchae create?

A

various air streams, increasing the surface area between the lateral wall of the nasal cavity & the inspired air

32
Q

What is the arterial supply of nasal cavity?

external carotid, internal carotid/opthalmic artery

A

ECA
Maxillary - sphenopalatine, greater palatine
Facial - superior labial, lateral nasal

ICA
Ophthalmic - anterior and posterior ethmoidal

33
Q

What do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries form and why is this area significant?

A

These vessels form many anastomoses, especially in the anterior septal region & this is an area in which nosebleeds can commonly occur

34
Q

What is the venous drainage of the nasal cavity?

A

Veins tend to follow arteries
* Veins that follow arteries of the maxillary artery drain into the pterygoid plexus
* Veins that follow arteries of the facial artery drain into the facial vein
* Veins that follow ethmoidal arteries drain into the ophthalmic vein & subsequently the cavernous sinus

35
Q

What are the paranasal sinus and what is their role?

A

frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary and sphenodial

  • Hollow air-filled cavities
  • Increase surface area aiding
    efficient “air conditioning”
  • Lighten the skull
  • Add resonance to the voice
36
Q

What shape is the maxillary sinus, where does it drain and why is this clinically significant?

A

pyramid shaped

  • The maxilla sinus drains into the middle meatus at the semilunar hiatus
  • The drainage opening for the maxillary sinus is positioned high up, near the top of the sinus, which means the sinus floor is lower than its drainage point.
  • As a result the maxillary sinus is prone to chronic infections as gravity doesn’t assist much in draining the mucus out of the sinus.
37
Q

What could extration of maxillary molar teeth cause?

what is this called?

A

might damage the maxillary sinus floor
* This could create an opening between the maxillary antrum & oral cavity (oro-antral communication) with the potential of causing infection

38
Q

Where do the middle ethmoidal cells open?

A

ethmoidal bulba

39
Q

Where do posterior ethmoidal cells open?

A

lateral wall of superior meatus

40
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain?

A

spheno ethmoidal recess

41
Q

Where do the anterior ethmoidal cells and frontal sinus drain?

A

infundibulum opening of frontonasal duct

Anatomy (13 decks)

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