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Muscles of Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the landmarks of the mandible?

A

condyle
coronoid process
angle
ramus
oblique line
mental foramen
mandibular foramen
mylohyoid line
alveolar process
lingula
body
sublingual fossa

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the mandible?

A
  • Site for muscle attachments
  • Foramina for passage of
    neurovascular structures
  • Teeth in alveolar processes
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3
Q

What is the TMJ betweeen?

A

Mandibular fossa of temporal bone & condylar process of mandible

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4
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Modified hinge (atypical) synovial joint

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5
Q

What are the articular surfaces of bone covered with?

A

fibrocartilage (not hyaline cartilage)

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6
Q

What seperates the joint and into what?

A

Fibrocartilaginous articular disc separating the joint into superior & inferior articular cavities

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7
Q

What are the ligaments of the TMJ and what do they connect?

A
  • 2 extrinsic - sphenomandibular ligament, stylomandibular ligament. & 1 intrinsic - lateral
  • Connect mandible to cranium
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8
Q

What does the spheomandibular ligament do?

A

Primary passive
support of the mandible

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9
Q

What does the lateral ligament do?

A
  • Strengthens TMJ laterally
  • With postglenoid tubercle prevent posterior dislocation
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10
Q

What is the most common injury to the TMJ?

A

anterior dislocation

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11
Q

What are main movements of the TMJ?

A

gliding
hinge and rotation
lateral (side to side)

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12
Q

What are the gliding movements and what muscles are they carried out by?

A

Protrusion - lateral pterygoid

Retraction - temporalis,

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13
Q

What cavity do gliding movements take place in?

A

between temporal bone and articular disc (superior cavity)

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14
Q

What are the hinge and rotational movements and what muscles are they carried out by?

A

Elevation - temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

Depression - gravity, digastric, geniohyoid and mylohyoid, lateral pterygoid

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15
Q

What cavity do hinge and rotation movements happen?

A

inferior

between head of mandible and articular disc

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16
Q

What muscles carry out lateral movements?

side to side - grinding/chewing

A

lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid

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17
Q

What happens in anterior dislocation?

A

condyle dislocated anterior to articular tubercle

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18
Q

Where is the special visceral efferent of CNV located in brainstem?

A

motor nucleus in the pons

MOM

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19
Q

Where is the general somatic afferent of CNV in the brainstem?

A

to the mesencephalic, chief sensory & spinal nuclei in the midbrain, pons & medulla oblongata

respectively

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20
Q

What is the embryological orgins of the MOM?

A

1st pharyngeal arch

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21
Q

What are the attachements of the temporalis?

A
  • Originates from temporal fossa & fascia (broad)
  • Inserts at coronoid process of mandible (medial surface) & anterior border of ramus of mandible near last molar (narrow)
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22
Q

What are the actions and innervation of the temporalis?

A
  • Retracts & elevates the mandible (assists in closing the mouth)
  • Innervated by deep temporal nerves from anterior trunk of CN V3
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23
Q

What are the attachements of the masseter?

A
  • Originates from maxillary process of zygomatic bone & anterior 2/3rd of inferior border of zygomatic arch (superficial head)
  • Inserts at the angle & lateral surface of ramus of mandible (superficial head)
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24
Q

What are the layers to the masseter?

A

deep
middle
superficial

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25
What is the innervation and action of the masseter?
- Innervated by masseteric nerve from anterior trunk of CN V3 - Elevates the mandible (powerful elevator!)
26
What must be removed to view the lateral/medial pterygoid?
body of mandible
27
What are the attachements of the medial pterygoid?
* Originates from medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate (deep head) & maxillary tuberosity & pyramidal process of palatine bone (superficial head) * Inserts into medial surface of the ramus & angle of mandible
28
What are the actions and innervation of the medial pterygoid?
- Elevates the mandible & assists with lateral (side-to-side) movements - Innervated by nerve to medial pterygoid from main trunk of CN V3
29
What are the heads of the lateral pterygoid?
upper lower
30
What are the attachements of the lateral pterygoid?
* Originates from infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone (upper head) & lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (lower head) * Inserts on the front of the neck of the mandible (pterygoid fovea) (capsule of TMJ & articular disc)
31
What are the actions and innervation of the lateral pterygoid?
Protrudes the mandible, assists medial pterygoid with lateral (side-to-side) movements & depresses the mandible Innervated by nerve to lateral pterygoid & buccal nerve from anterior trunk of CN V3
32
What muscles apart from MOM does CNV3 supply?
tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear and tensor palati ( via the branch to medial pterygoid); mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric (via its inferior alveolar branch)
33
What is the prime mover of depressing the mandible?
gravity
34
What is the prime mover of protruding the mandible?
lateral pterygoid
35
What muscles carry out elevation?
Temporalis, masseter & medial pterygoid
36
What muscles carry out depression?
Lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid & infrahyoid muscles
37
What muscles carry out protrusion?
Lateral pterygoid, masseter & medial pterygoid
38
What muscles carry out retrusion?
Temporalis (posterior oblique & near horizontal fibers)
39
What muscles carry out lateral movements? | grinding and chewing
Temporalis of same side, pterygoids of opposite side & masseter
40
What are primary symptoms of TMDs?
* Facial muscle pain * Preauricular (TMJ) pain * TMJ sounds: jaw clicking, popping, catching, locking * Limited mouth opening
41
What are secondary symptoms of TMDs?
* Earache * Headache * Neckache
42
What are the phases of swallowing?
oral pharyngeal oesophageal
43
What happens in the oral phase and is it voluntary?
voluntary bolus is formed in the oral cavity by the action of chewing bolus pushed into oropharynx by tongue
44
When is the oral phase subdivided?
Subdivided into oral preparatory & transit phase when describing the swallowing of liquids including saliva
45
What happens in the pharyngeal phase and is it voluntary?
involuntary * Superior pharyngeal constrictor contraction & soft palate elevation * Pharyngeal elevation to receive food bolus (pharyngeal elevators) * Food bolus pushed towards the oesophagus (pharyngeal constrictors) * Epiglottis closes the laryngeal inlet protecting the airway (vocal folds also close for the same reason)
46
What is elevated/depressed in the pharyngeal phase and what happens to respiration?
* Simultaneous elevation of the pharynx & larynx (pharyngeal elevators) for airway protection * Elevation of hyoid (suprahyoid muscles) * Depression of hyoid & larynx (infrahyoid muscles) following elevation * Respiration temporarily suspended but recommences after pharyngeal & laryngeal depression
47
What happens in the oesophageal phase and is it voluntary?
involuntary * As the inferior pharyngeal constrictor contracts the upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes allowing the food bolus into the oesophagus * Peristaltic movements move the food bolus towards the stomach
48
What are the main nerves of the infratemporal fossa?
mandibular inferior alveolar lingual buccal chorda tympani otic ganglion
49
What are the muscles of the infratemporal fossa?
inferior part of temporalis lateral pterygoid (superior and inferior heads) medial pterygoid
50
What nerves are part of the posterior trunk of CNV3 and which are sensory/motor?
lingual nerve (sensory) IAN (mixed) auriculotemporal (sensory)
51
What artery is between the auriculotemporal nerve and otic ganglion?
middle meningeal artery
52
What encircles the MMA?
auriculotemporal nerve
53
What does the largest branch of the auriculotemporal nerve supply?
sensory fibres to auricle & temporal region
54
Where does the auriculotemporal nerve send sensory fibres to?
TMJ
55
What does the auriculotemporal nerve pass to the parotid gland?
Passes postsynaptic parasympathetic secretomotor fibres to parotid gland (from otic ganglion)
56
Where does the IAN enter and what does the mental nerve supply?
* Enters mandibular foramen & passes through mandibular canal, forming inferior dental plexus (supplies mandibular teeth) * Mental nerve passes through mental foramen; supplies skin of lower lip & chin, gingiva of mandibular incisors
57
What does the lingual nerve supply, what does it pass and what is it joined by?
* Sensory to anterior 2/3rds of tongue, floor of mouth, lingual gingivae * Passes medial and inferior to 3rd molar tooth * Joined by chorda tympani nerve within infratemporal fossa
58
What nerves supply general sensation to the mandibular teeth?
inferior alveolar nerve incisive branch of IAN
59
What nerves supply general sensation to the lower gingivae?
lingual nerve buccal nerve mental nerve
60
What are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery?
1st - mandbilar 2nd - pterygoid 3rd - pterygopalatine
61
What are the important branches of the mandibular branch of maxillary artery?
middle meningeal inferior alveolar
62
What are the important branches of the pterygoid branch of maxillary artery?
masseteric deep temporal buccal
63
What are the important branches of the pterygopalatine branch of maxillary artery?
posterior superior alveolar infra-orbital descending palatine

Anatomy (13 decks)

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