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Anatomy > Muscles of Mastication > Flashcards

Muscles of Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the landmarks of the mandible?

A

condyle
coronoid process
angle
ramus
oblique line
mental foramen
mandibular foramen
mylohyoid line
alveolar process
lingula
body
sublingual fossa

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the mandible?

A
  • Site for muscle attachments
  • Foramina for passage of
    neurovascular structures
  • Teeth in alveolar processes
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3
Q

What is the TMJ betweeen?

A

Mandibular fossa of temporal bone & condylar process of mandible

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4
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Modified hinge (atypical) synovial joint

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5
Q

What are the articular surfaces of bone covered with?

A

fibrocartilage (not hyaline cartilage)

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6
Q

What seperates the joint and into what?

A

Fibrocartilaginous articular disc separating the joint into superior & inferior articular cavities

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7
Q

What are the ligaments of the TMJ and what do they connect?

A
  • 2 extrinsic - sphenomandibular ligament, stylomandibular ligament. & 1 intrinsic - lateral
  • Connect mandible to cranium
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8
Q

What does the spheomandibular ligament do?

A

Primary passive
support of the mandible

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9
Q

What does the lateral ligament do?

A
  • Strengthens TMJ laterally
  • With postglenoid tubercle prevent posterior dislocation
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10
Q

What is the most common injury to the TMJ?

A

anterior dislocation

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11
Q

What are main movements of the TMJ?

A

gliding
hinge and rotation
lateral (side to side)

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12
Q

What are the gliding movements and what muscles are they carried out by?

A

Protrusion - lateral pterygoid

Retraction - temporalis,

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13
Q

What cavity do gliding movements take place in?

A

between temporal bone and articular disc (superior cavity)

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14
Q

What are the hinge and rotational movements and what muscles are they carried out by?

A

Elevation - temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

Depression - gravity, digastric, geniohyoid and mylohyoid, lateral pterygoid

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15
Q

What cavity do hinge and rotation movements happen?

A

inferior

between head of mandible and articular disc

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16
Q

What muscles carry out lateral movements?

side to side - grinding/chewing

A

lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid

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17
Q

What happens in anterior dislocation?

A

condyle dislocated anterior to articular tubercle

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18
Q

Where is the special visceral efferent of CNV located in brainstem?

A

motor nucleus in the pons

MOM

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19
Q

Where is the general somatic afferent of CNV in the brainstem?

A

to the mesencephalic, chief sensory & spinal nuclei in the midbrain, pons & medulla oblongata

respectively

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20
Q

What is the embryological orgins of the MOM?

A

1st pharyngeal arch

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21
Q

What are the attachements of the temporalis?

A
  • Originates from temporal fossa & fascia (broad)
  • Inserts at coronoid process of mandible (medial surface) & anterior border of ramus of mandible near last molar (narrow)
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22
Q

What are the actions and innervation of the temporalis?

A
  • Retracts & elevates the mandible (assists in closing the mouth)
  • Innervated by deep temporal nerves from anterior trunk of CN V3
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23
Q

What are the attachements of the masseter?

A
  • Originates from maxillary process of zygomatic bone & anterior 2/3rd of inferior border of zygomatic arch (superficial head)
  • Inserts at the angle & lateral surface of ramus of mandible (superficial head)
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24
Q

What are the layers to the masseter?

A

deep
middle
superficial

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25
Q

What is the innervation and action of the masseter?

A
  • Innervated by masseteric nerve from anterior trunk of CN V3
  • Elevates the mandible (powerful elevator!)
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26
Q

What must be removed to view the lateral/medial pterygoid?

A

body of mandible

27
Q

What are the attachements of the medial pterygoid?

A
  • Originates from medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate (deep head) & maxillary tuberosity & pyramidal process of palatine bone (superficial head)
  • Inserts into medial surface of the ramus & angle of mandible
28
Q

What are the actions and innervation of the medial pterygoid?

A
  • Elevates the mandible & assists with lateral (side-to-side) movements
  • Innervated by nerve to medial pterygoid from main trunk of CN V3
29
Q

What are the heads of the lateral pterygoid?

A

upper
lower

30
Q

What are the attachements of the lateral pterygoid?

A
  • Originates from infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone (upper head) & lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (lower head)
  • Inserts on the front of the neck of the mandible (pterygoid fovea) (capsule of TMJ & articular disc)
31
Q

What are the actions and innervation of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Protrudes the mandible, assists medial pterygoid with lateral (side-to-side) movements & depresses the mandible

Innervated by nerve to lateral pterygoid & buccal nerve from anterior trunk of CN V3

32
Q

What muscles apart from MOM does CNV3 supply?

A

tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear and tensor palati ( via the branch to medial pterygoid);

mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric (via its inferior alveolar branch)

33
Q

What is the prime mover of depressing the mandible?

A

gravity

34
Q

What is the prime mover of protruding the mandible?

A

lateral pterygoid

35
Q

What muscles carry out elevation?

A

Temporalis, masseter & medial pterygoid

36
Q

What muscles carry out depression?

A

Lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid & infrahyoid muscles

37
Q

What muscles carry out protrusion?

A

Lateral pterygoid, masseter & medial pterygoid

38
Q

What muscles carry out retrusion?

A

Temporalis (posterior oblique & near horizontal fibers)

39
Q

What muscles carry out lateral movements?

grinding and chewing

A

Temporalis of same side, pterygoids of opposite side & masseter

40
Q

What are primary symptoms of TMDs?

A
  • Facial muscle pain
  • Preauricular (TMJ) pain
  • TMJ sounds: jaw clicking, popping,
    catching, locking
  • Limited mouth opening
41
Q

What are secondary symptoms of TMDs?

A
  • Earache
  • Headache
  • Neckache
42
Q

What are the phases of swallowing?

A

oral
pharyngeal
oesophageal

43
Q

What happens in the oral phase and is it voluntary?

A

voluntary

bolus is formed in the oral cavity by the action of chewing

bolus pushed into oropharynx by tongue

44
Q

When is the oral phase subdivided?

A

Subdivided into oral preparatory & transit phase when describing the swallowing of liquids including saliva

45
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal phase and is it voluntary?

A

involuntary

  • Superior pharyngeal constrictor contraction & soft palate elevation
  • Pharyngeal elevation to receive food bolus (pharyngeal elevators)
  • Food bolus pushed towards the oesophagus (pharyngeal constrictors)
  • Epiglottis closes the laryngeal inlet protecting the airway (vocal folds also close for the same reason)
46
Q

What is elevated/depressed in the pharyngeal phase and what happens to respiration?

A
  • Simultaneous elevation of the pharynx & larynx (pharyngeal elevators) for airway protection
  • Elevation of hyoid (suprahyoid muscles)
  • Depression of hyoid & larynx (infrahyoid muscles) following elevation
  • Respiration temporarily suspended but recommences after pharyngeal & laryngeal depression
47
Q

What happens in the oesophageal phase and is it voluntary?

A

involuntary

  • As the inferior pharyngeal constrictor contracts the upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes allowing the food bolus into the oesophagus
  • Peristaltic movements move the food bolus towards the stomach
48
Q

What are the main nerves of the infratemporal fossa?

A

mandibular
inferior alveolar
lingual
buccal
chorda tympani
otic ganglion

49
Q

What are the muscles of the infratemporal fossa?

A

inferior part of temporalis
lateral pterygoid (superior and inferior heads)
medial pterygoid

50
Q

What nerves are part of the posterior trunk of CNV3 and which are sensory/motor?

A

lingual nerve (sensory)
IAN (mixed)
auriculotemporal (sensory)

51
Q

What artery is between the auriculotemporal nerve and otic ganglion?

A

middle meningeal artery

52
Q

What encircles the MMA?

A

auriculotemporal nerve

53
Q

What does the largest branch of the auriculotemporal nerve supply?

A

sensory fibres to auricle & temporal region

54
Q

Where does the auriculotemporal nerve send sensory fibres to?

A

TMJ

55
Q

What does the auriculotemporal nerve pass to the parotid gland?

A

Passes postsynaptic parasympathetic secretomotor fibres to parotid gland (from otic ganglion)

56
Q

Where does the IAN enter and what does the mental nerve supply?

A
  • Enters mandibular foramen & passes through mandibular canal, forming inferior dental plexus (supplies mandibular teeth)
  • Mental nerve passes through mental foramen; supplies skin of lower lip & chin, gingiva of mandibular incisors
57
Q

What does the lingual nerve supply, what does it pass and what is it joined by?

A
  • Sensory to anterior 2/3rds of tongue, floor of mouth, lingual gingivae
  • Passes medial and inferior to 3rd molar tooth
  • Joined by chorda tympani nerve within infratemporal fossa
58
Q

What nerves supply general sensation to the mandibular teeth?

A

inferior alveolar nerve
incisive branch of IAN

59
Q

What nerves supply general sensation to the lower gingivae?

A

lingual nerve
buccal nerve
mental nerve

60
Q

What are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery?

A

1st - mandbilar
2nd - pterygoid
3rd - pterygopalatine

61
Q

What are the important branches of the mandibular branch of maxillary artery?

A

middle meningeal
inferior alveolar

62
Q

What are the important branches of the pterygoid branch of maxillary artery?

A

masseteric
deep temporal
buccal

63
Q

What are the important branches of the pterygopalatine branch of maxillary artery?

A

posterior superior alveolar
infra-orbital
descending palatine

Anatomy (13 decks)

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