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Anatomy > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A
  • Allows air passage in & out of the trachea
  • Protective sphincter preventing foreign bodies from entering the airway
  • Organ of phonation (speech production)
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2
Q

What is crucial during swallowing concerning the larynx ?

A

elevation

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3
Q

What is superior and inferior to the larynx?

A
  • Superiorly opens into the laryngopharynx forming its anterior wall (epiglottis)
  • Inferiorly continues into the trachea
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4
Q

What type of cartilage are the laryngeal cartilages?

A

all hyaline except the epiglottis which is elastic

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5
Q

What are the laryngeal cartilages?

A

epiglottis (unpaired)
cricoid (unpaired)
thyroid (unpaired)
arytenoid (paired)
corniculate (paired)
cuneiform (paired)

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6
Q

Which of the cricoid cartilages is the only complete ring?

A

cricoid

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7
Q

Which cartilages cannot be viewed unless the larynx is taken apart?

A

arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

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8
Q

Why is the epiglottis made of elastic cartilage?

A

it allows the epiglottis to be flexible and resilient, which helps it perform its function of protecting the airway and preventing aspiration

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9
Q

What is the structure of the thyroid cartilage?

what is the significance in males

A
  • Left & right laminae
  • The laminae fuse anteriorly as the laryngeal prominence which is more obvious in males (Adam’s apple)
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10
Q

What is the shape of the epiglottis and what is it attached to?

A
  • Leaf-like plate of elastic cartilage (why?)
  • Attached to the back of the thyroid cartilage
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11
Q

What is between the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone?

A

thyrohyoid membrane

extrinsic

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12
Q

What is anterior and posterior to the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

thickening of thyrohyoid forms;

anterior: median thyrohyoid ligament

posterior: lateral thyrohyoid ligaments

extrinsic

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13
Q

What is from the arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage to epiglottis?

extrinsic or intrinsic

A

intrinsic

quadrangular membrane

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14
Q

What is from cricoid to arytenoid to thyroid cartilage?

extrinsic or intrinsic

A

intrinsic

cricothyroid ligament (cricovocal membrane)

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15
Q

What is cricothyroid ligament thickened anteriorly as?

A

median cricothyroid ligament

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16
Q

What is the lateral median cricothyroid ligament called?

A

conus elasticus

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17
Q

What is the superior free edge of the cricothyroid ligament?

A

vocal ligament

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18
Q

What are the laryngeal folds?

A

Mucous membrane lines the inner aspect of the larynx creating folds over the free edges of the previously described membranes & ligaments

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19
Q

What are the names of the laryngeal folds?

A
  • aryepiglottic fold
  • vestibular folds (mucosa over vestibular ligamentt)
  • vocal cords (mucosa over vocal ligament)
20
Q

Where is the aryepiglottic fold and what does it form?

A
  • Over the superior free edge of the quadrangular membrane
  • Forms the laryngeal inlet which is the protective sphincter of the larynx
21
Q

Where are the vestibular folds formed?

false vocal cords

A

formed over the inferior free edge of the quadrangular membrane (aka vestibular ligament)

22
Q

What is the inferior free edge of the quadrangular membrane called?

A

vestibular ligament

23
Q

Where are the vocal folds formed?

true vocal cords

A

formed over the superior free edge of the cricothyroid ligament (aka vocal ligament)

24
Q

What is the superior free edge of the cricothyroid ligament called?

A

vocal cord

25
Q

What is the space between the vocal folds called?

A

rima glottidis/glottis

26
Q

Why are the vestibular folds called false vocal cords?

A

they are not involved in phonation in speech production

27
Q

What are the roles of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A
  1. Open or close the rima glottidis
  2. Alter the tension of the vocal folds (true vocal cords)
  3. Open or close the laryngeal inlet
28
Q

What do the vocal and vestibular folds play an important role in?

A

coughing, sneezing & raising the intra-abdominal pressure during parturition (childbirth), micturition (urinating), defecation & lifting heavy objects

29
Q

What muscle opens the rima glottidis and how?

A

The posterior cricoarytenoid
muscle is the only muscle to abduct the vocal folds opening the rima glottidis

30
Q

What muscles close the rima glottidis?

A
  • Transverse arytenoid
    muscle
  • Lateral cricoarytenoid
    muscle
31
Q

What does lengthening and shortening of the vocal folds do?

A

alters tension and pitch of the voice

  • Lengthened vocal folds = increased tension = higher pitch
  • Shortened vocal folds = reduced tension = lower pitch
32
Q

What muscle shortens vocal folds?

A

thyroarytenoid muscle

33
Q

What is the upper part of the thyroarytenoid muscle called?

A

vocalis

34
Q

What muscle lengthens vocal folds?

A

cricothyroid muscle

35
Q

What muscle closes the laryngeal inlet?

A

oblique arytenoid muscle acting as a “purse-string”

36
Q

What muscle opens the laryngeal inlet?

A

by descent of the larynx (& pharynx) mainly by elastic recoil

37
Q

What is the motor nerve supply of the intrinsic muscles?

A
  • All intrinsic muscles of the
    larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve with one exception!
  • Cricothyroid is supplied by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

all vagus

38
Q

What is the sensory supply of the larynx?

A
  • Sensation just above the vocal
    folds is supplied by the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
  • Sensation below the vocal folds is supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve

all vagus

39
Q

What is the larynx’s role in quiet respiration?

A
  • Vocal & vestibular folds are abducted
  • A triangular “open” rima glottidis
40
Q

What is the larynx’s role in forced inspiration?

A
  • Rima glottidis is forcefully & more widely opened by the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
41
Q

How is speech produced?

A
  • Vocal folds are adducted
  • Vestibule is open
  • Rima glottidis is closed & air is forced through causing vibration
  • Vocal fold length & tension, for pitch of voice, are altered by a fine interplay between the cricothyroid & thyroarytenoid (with its vocalis)
42
Q

How does phonation occur?

speech without articulation

A
  • Vocal folds adducted and stridulating as air is forced between them
  • Vestibule open
43
Q

What happens in effort closure?

for heavy lifting, etc

A
  • Vocal & vestibular folds are
    adducted
  • Rima glottidis is closed
  • Vestibule is also closed
44
Q

What is anatomically related to the thyroid gland?

vessels, cartilage, glands, nerves and structures

A

trachea
ijv
cca
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
superior parathyroid gland
inferiror parathyroid
right recurrent laryngeal nerves
left recurrent laryngeal nerve

45
Q

What is the midline pyramidal lobe a remnant of?

A

thyroglossal duct

Anatomy (13 decks)

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