Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Question 1

3 functions nasal cavity

Answer 1

warm and humidify air
filter particles from air
detect odour molecules in air

Question 2

division of nasal cavity into fossae

Answer 2

nasal septum

Question 3

what makes up the nasal septum

Answer 3

ethmoid bone caudally

cartilaginous sheet for rostral 2/3

Question 4

meatii

Answer 4

spaces between turbinate bones

Question 5

3 turbinates

Answer 5

ethmoturbinates
dorsal turbinate
ventral turbinate

Question 6

ethmoturbinates

Answer 6

small, numerous, lie towards back of nasal cavity
attached to nasal septum
lateral nasal wall and cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Question 7

dorsal turbinate

Answer 7

single scroll attached to nasal wall

Question 8

ventral turbinate

Answer 8

double scroll attached to maxilla

Question 9

difference in ventral turbinates of dogs and horses

Answer 9

multiple leaflets from dental turbinate, small space - dogs

bottom scroll lost, large ventral space - horses

Question 10

3 meatii

Answer 10

dorsal meatus
middle meatus
ventral meatus

Question 11

where do the meatii meet?

Answer 11

common meatus

Question 12

paranasal sinuses

Answer 12

air filled diverticula of nasal cavity

Question 13

why are paranasal sinuses prone to blockage?

Answer 13

retain connection with nasal cavity via narrow openings so are prone via inflammation or congestion

Question 14

innervation of paranasal sinuses

Answer 14

ophthalmic and maxillary division of trigeminal

Question 15

innervation of nasal cavity

Answer 15

ophthalmic and maxillary division of trigeminal

Question 16

2 main sinuses of importance

Answer 16

maxillary and frontal

Question 17

function of paranasal sinuses

Answer 17

thermal and mechanical protection, enlarge skull without adding weight for muscle attachment, dentition etc.

Question 18

frontal sinus

Answer 18

in frontal bone, 5 compartments
one cornual process extends into horn in ox and sheep
communicates with nasal cavity except in horses

Question 19

innervation of horns

Answer 19

cornual nerve of zygomaticotemporal nerve - ophthalmic division trigemnal
cutaneous - C1 and C2

Question 20

where to aim when conducting euthanasia in cattle

Answer 20

medulla oblongata

aim to side if strong bony midline septum

Question 21

what are contained in the maxillary sinus?

Answer 21

dorsal, ventral turbinates