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MD3001 Respiratory > Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. warm, humidify and filter inhaled air
  2. olfaction
  3. help produce sound
  4. provide O2 and remove CO2
  5. helps maintain acid-base balance
  6. protective and reflexive non-breathing air movements (cough/sneeze)
  7. assist circulation of blood and lymph towards heart
  8. help abdo muscles during defecation, parturition, lifting a heavy object to function effectively
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2
Q

What is included in the upper respiratory tract?

A
  • nose (nasal cavity)

- nasopharynx

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3
Q

What is included in the lower respiratory tract?

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchial tree
  • alveolar ducts
  • pulmonary alveoli
  • alveolar sac
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4
Q

What forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A
  • bone: vomer and ethmoid posteriorly

- cartilage anteriorly

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5
Q

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

bones:

  • nasal
  • frontal
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
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6
Q

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

A
  • palatine bones
  • maxilla
  • hard and soft palates
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7
Q

What is an important feature of the hard palate?

A
  • it is horizontal

- clinical application: insertion of nasogastric tube

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8
Q

Where would you find nasal conchae (turbinates)?

A

projecting from the lateral wall and forming meatuses

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9
Q

What is the function of the muscles around the nostrils?

A
  • act as sphincters or dilators

- control the diameter of nares and adjust air flow

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10
Q

What are the muscles around the nostrils?

A
  • procerus
  • nasalis
  • levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
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11
Q

What are the function of conchae?

A
  • increase surface area

- form air channels (meatuses) where paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct open into

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12
Q

What are the gateways of the nasal cavity?

A
  • foramen caecum (between nasal veins and superior sagittal sinus)
  • cribiform plate
  • sphenopalatine foramen
  • incisive canal (2 way passage)
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13
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve pass through?

A

cribiform plate

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14
Q

What vessels pass through the sphenopalatine foramen?

A
  • sphenopalatine artery (maxillary a.)
  • nasopalatine nerve (maxillary n.)
  • superior nasal branches of maxillary nerve
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15
Q

What vessels pass through the incisive canal?

A
  • nasopalatine nerve (from nasal to oral)

- terminal end of greater palatine artery (from oral to nasal)

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16
Q

What vessels pass through the small foramina in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

inferior nasal branches of greater palatine nerve (maxillary a.)

17
Q

List the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • frontal sinuses
  • sphenoid sinus
  • ethmoidal cells
  • maxillary sinuses
18
Q

What lines the paranasal sinuses?

A

ciliated and mucous secreting respiratory mucosa

19
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain mucus to?

A
  • through frontonasal duct to ethmoidal infundibulum

- part of middle meatus of nasal cavity

20
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus drain mucus to?

A

middle meatus of nasal cavity

21
Q

Where does the ethmoid sinus drain mucus to?

A
  • middle ethmoid sinus: bulla ethmoidalis on middle meatus
  • anterior ethmoid sinus: ethmoidal infundibulum on middle meatus
  • posterior ethmoid sinus: superior meatus
22
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain mucus to?

A
  • through the spheno-ethmoidal recess to the superior meatus of the nasal cavity
23
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain mucus to?

A

inferior meatus

24
Q

Describe the vascular supply of the nasal cavity

A
  • terminal branches of maxillary and facial arteries (branch of external carotid a.)
  • ethmoidal branches of opthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid a.)
  • anastomose between internal and external carotid a.
25
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the septum

A
  • Keisselbach’s Area (anastomosis between sphenopalatine, greater palatine and anterior ethmoidal artery)
  • posterior ethmoidal artery
26
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the sinuses

A
  • frontal: supra-orbital and anterior ethmoidal a.
  • ethmoid: anterior and posterior ethmoidal and sphenopalatine a.
  • sphenoid sinus: posterior ethmoidal a.
  • maxillary: infraorbital, greater palatine, and superior alveolar branches of maxillary a.
27
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the nasal cavity and sinuses

A
  • mirrors arteries
  • pterygoid plexus of veins in infratemporal fossa
  • facial vein
  • superior opthalmic vein to cavernous sinus
  • emissary vein in the foramen caecum
28
Q

What is the clinical signifiance of the emissary vein?

A

Can allow spread of infection into cranial cavity

29
Q

Describe lymph drainage of the nasal cavity

A
  • anterior: submandibular nodes

- posterior: via retropharyngeal nodes to upper deep cervical nodes

30
Q

How can you feel for a nasal cavity infection?

A

jugulodigastric is palpable

31
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A
  • V1: opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
  • to nasociliary, anterior ethmoidal nerve to give off nasal branches
  • V2: maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
  • to give off nasal branches, mainly greater palatine nerve
32
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the nasal septum

A
  • V1: opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
  • to anterior ethmoidal to give off septal branches
  • V2: maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
  • becomes mainly nasopalatine nerve
33
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the paranasal sinuses

A
  • frontal: V1 - supra-orbital n
  • ethmoid: nasociliary n
  • sphenoid sinus: V1 - posterior ethmoidal n
  • maxillary sinus:
  • V2 - infra-orbital - middle and anterior superior alveolar n
  • V2 - posterior superior alveolar n
34
Q

What forms the different walls of the choanae of the nasopharynx?

A
  • inferior: horizontal plate of palatine bone
  • lateral: medial plate of pterygoid process
  • medially: vomer
35
Q

What are the important structures of the nasopharynx?

A
  • opening of pharyngotympanic tube (inferior-lateral wall)
  • tubal tonsils (around opening of pharyngotympanic tube)
  • pharyngeal tonsils (lymphoid tissue on roof of pharyngotympanic tube)
  • salpingopharyngeus and salpingopalatine muscles between torus tubarius and pharynx and palate respectively forming folds
36
Q

Where is the pharyngeal recess and what is its significance?

A
  • behind the auditory tube
  • most common site of craniopharyngioma
  • where the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland develops (adenohypophysis)
37
Q

Describe Waldeyer’s Ring

A
  • ring of protection around nasal and oral cavity
  • tubal and pharyngeal tonsils protect nasal cavity
  • palatine and lingual tonsils protect oral cavity

MD3001 Respiratory (38 decks)

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