Nappi Head&Neck Flashcards
What structures are included in the oral cavity anatomy?
Includes lips, buccal mucosa, gingiva, alveolar ridge, hard palate, floor of mouth, retromolar trigone, and anterior two thirds of tongue.
What is the extent of the oral cavity?
Extends from lips to the posterior aspect of the hard palate.
What separates the anterior two thirds of the tongue from the posterior part?
Circumvallate papillae separate the anterior two thirds of the tongue in the oral cavity from the posterior part in the oropharynx.
What syndrome is associated with oral cavity cancers?
Oral cavity cancers are associated with Plummer-Vinson syndrome (iron deficiency in females).
Which cancers are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV)?
Cancers of the tongue, floor of mouth, and tonsils are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV).
What is the most common site for cancer in the oral cavity?
Lips are the most common site for cancer in the oral cavity.
What are early signs of oral cavity cancer?
Early signs are poor oral hygiene, poor dental hygiene, nonhealing ulcers, leukoplakia, and erythroplasia.
What is the majority type of oral cavity pathology?
Majority are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
What are less common types of oral cavity carcinoma?
Some can be verrucous SCC or spindle cell SCC.
Where does the upper lip drain lymphatically?
Upper lip drains into the submandibular and preauricular nodes.
Where do the lower lip and anterior mouth drain?
Lower lip and anterior mouth drain to submental nodes.
Where does the oral tongue drain?
Oral tongue drains to the anterior cervical chain nodes.
Where does the buccal mucosa drain?
Buccal mucosa drains to the submandibular and subdigastric nodes.
What is the most common site of spread for oral cavity cancers?
Most common site of spread is cervical lymph nodes.
What are the subdivisions of the pharynx?
Three subdivisions in order from superior to inferior: nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx/laryngopharynx.
What symptoms are associated with cancers in the pharynx?
Symptoms include consistent sore throat, pain while swallowing, pain in the ear, and cervical node enlargement.
Where is the nasopharynx located?
Positioned posterior to the nose and extends inferiorly to the uvula, at the level of C1.
Why are tumors in the nasopharynx hard to reach surgically?
Tumors in this region are hard to reach in surgery and are located close to the base of the brain.
Where do carcinomas usually occur in the nasopharynx?
Carcinomas usually occur in the lateral walls of the nasopharynx.
What virus is connected to nasopharyngeal cancers?
There is a connection between nasopharyngeal cancers and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
Where are adenoids located?
Adenoids are located within the nasopharynx.
What is the oropharynx?
Positioned posterior to the oral cavity and extends from the soft palate to the hyoid bone. Level of C2 to C3. Contains lymphoid tissue called palatine tonsils. Most cancers in the oropharynx occur in the tonsils.
What is the laryngopharynx?
Extends from the hyoid bone to the esophagus. Epiglottis is the superior border at the level of C3. Located C3 to C6. Posterior to the larynx. Made up of the pyriform sinuses, postcricoid, and lower posterior pharyngeal walls.
Where is the most common location for cancer within the hypopharynx?
Piriform sinus.
