Napoleon Flashcards
Concordat
A deal Napoleon made with Pope in 1801 declaring he would give the churches back land lost during the revolution in return for their support (making bishops subservient to the regime) eventually Pope Pius VII renounced the concordat and Napoleon placed him under house arrest
Lycee System
Established by Napoleon in 1801 as an educational reform.. Schools that enrolled the most talented students to be educated so France can have the brightest future gov’t (doesnt matter who you are, we want the best and the brightest)
Napoleonic Code
A law code that brought together many reforms of the revolution into a unified legal system (has influenced French law to the present) it recognized that all men were equal before the law and guaranteed freedom of religion and a persons right to work in any occupation. But put interest of state above individual citizens and dropped some rev laws protecting women and children (made man absolute head of household)
Continental system
Laws with the goal of isolating Britain to weaken its economy
Berlin Decrees (1806): British Ships were not allowed in European Ports
Milan Decree (1807): Napoleon proclaimed any ship stopping in Britain to be seized when entering continent
Made citizens upset b/c not getting British materials they want, thus creating black market where citizens could get product but only for an extreme price.
Blunder in Russia
1st major loss:
In 1812 he led his troops into Russia in winter where Russians avoided direct confrontation retreading inwards, leading French into interior where they froze and Russians burned Fench crops to ground causing them to starve as well…. Napoleon returned to France with a mere fraction of his army
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon’s last shot:
In June 1815 a jointed British and Prussian army defeated the French at Waterloo and, because of yet another loss, he was exiled to lonely St.Helena where he died.
Causes of Industrial Rev
Growing population in Europe= higher demand for product and workers couldn’t keep up
Europeans expanding power worldwide
Discovery for inquiry (enlightenment)
Transportation (ability to transport good more easily)
Agricultural Revolution
Consequences of Industrial Rev
Idea of more=better (mass consumption)
Cheap labour (Factory System)
More global trade
New energy sources and products
Urbanization
Environmental footprint
Agricultural Rev
For efficient means of Farming (ex crop rotation and machines doing work) lead to Urbanization
Urbanization
The movement of millions of people from rural villages to cities for work (partly b/c of agricultural rev= less need for human labor)
Domestic VS Factory system
Methods: Hand tools VS machines
Locations: Home VS Factory
Ownership and Kinds of tools: small hand tools owned by worker VS large power-driven machines owned by capitalist
Production Output: Small level to local market manufactured on a per-order basis VS large level to worldwide market manufactured in anticipation of demand
Nature of Work done by worker: worker manufactured entire item VS worker made one part (ex Henry Ford’s assembly line kept workers stationary)
Hours of work: As much as they could, according to demand VS set daily hours
Worker dependence on employer: multiple sources of sustenance VS relying entirely on capitalist for income
Working Conditions
More people= more jobs needed and more people willing to settle for cheap labor (some better than none)
No labor laws= terribly filthy, unhealthy environments where people would get disease
Some labor laws= capitalists bribing people to avoid checking
Rise to power
After graduating from military school he rose quickly in the army during the revolution due to many officers fleeing France. His military action brought him to the attention of the directory, also marrying Josephine, who had friends in ten directory, helped him to become a general at age 27. He won several victories over the Austrians causing them to withdraw so France had only Britain to fight. He then had the disastrous loss in the battle of the Nile but was still seen a hero cause French ppl didn’t know about him abandoning troops and loss. In Paris he found many citizens unhappy with the directory so him and two directory members overthrew the rest and drew up new constitution where he was named first consul. In the next five years he centralized power to himself and with an overwhelming vote he named himself first consul for life. 2 years later he named himself emperor of France. (Majority of French voters endorsed his actions) while emperor he continued many reforms of the rev but kept a firm personal control of government.
