French Revolution

Question 1

Feudalism

Answer 1

• France’s political system between 5th and 15th century
• French feudal system (ancient regime) was very rigid

ORDER: God➡️ King➡️ Nobel Lord Vassal➡️ Vassal➡️ Freeman/Peasants/Serfs

Question 2

Middle Ages

Answer 2

• (Medieval period) 400-1500
• Most people lived simple agricultural lives
• Little change: tradition and fam very important
• People owed Loyalty to: family, village, church, feudal lord, maybe king
• No social mobility
• Church has considerable influence

Question 3

Enlightenment

Answer 3

People were fed up with Louis XVI and wanted change, philosophers felt they could use REASON to discover laws that governed human behaviour (ideas were spread in basements, hair salons, on the street, and eventually through things like the news paper) This challenged French view of religion, leading to the idea of unlimited human potential

Question 4

Role of food crisis in the revolution

Answer 4

Bad weather caused for bad harvest, less bread, making it more expensive, people starving

Question 5

Divine Right of Kings

Answer 5

Kings derive their authority from God, not their subjects, therefore rebellion is the worst of political crimes

Question 6

Absolute monarch

Answer 6

Kings has absolute power among people

Question 7

1st estate

Answer 7

Approx 100 000, lived as nobles (wealthy), collected tithes used for church admin., owned 20% of all land and paid no taxes

Question 8

2nd estate

Answer 8

400 000 nobles, well paid gov’t and church positions, paid some form of tithe (maybe), enjoyed great wealth and privelage

Question 9

3 estate

Answer 9

Approx. 26 million, payed most taxes, payed ancient feudal dues

Question 10

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 10

Members of prominently the third estate met on a tennis court after being locked out of estates general meeting and declare themselves the National Assembly, swearing to a constitution (to not disband until they’d written a constitution ending old regime)

Question 11

Storming of the Bastille

Answer 11

July 14, 1789

An attack on the Bastille representing an attack on injustice and inequality of old regime, Louis looses control of Paris and National Assembly is saved

Question 12

Constitution of 1791

Answer 12

National Assembly gave France it’s first constitution, declaring it a constitutional monarchy (king head but legislature made laws)

Question 13

Radicals

Answer 13

Revolutionaries who were unhappy with the constitutional monarchy… Wanted a republic

Question 14

Reactionaries

Answer 14

Those who wished to restore the conditions of the ancient regime

Question 15

Brunswick Manifesto

Answer 15

The Duke of Brunswick (Prussia) sent a warning to surrender peacefully or the revolutionaries will “be put to the tortures they deserve”

Question 16

Robespierre and Jacobin Club

Answer 16

Most radical group➡️ demanded a democracy in which all male citizens has the right to vote

Question 17

The National Convention

Answer 17

Robespierre and Jacobin Club lead in taking over country and voted to make France a republic

Question 18

Reign of Terror

Answer 18

July 1793-July 1794

Up to 40 000 “enemies of France” were arrested and executed, many without trial

Question 19

Robespierre response to internal and external threats to revolution

Answer 19

He organized the nation for war, national draft law made every French man eligible to be drafted into the army

Question 20

Fate of Robespierre

Answer 20

Supporters of revolution began to question the constant need for executions➡️ Robespierre arrested, tried, convicted, and executed

Question 21

Marie Antoinette

Answer 21

Obsessed with fashion= spending lots of money while the citizens were struggling, lack of male heir

Question 22

Philosophes

Answer 22

Hobbes, Locke, Montequieu, Voltaire, Rousseau

Question 23

Hobbes

Answer 23

Wanted a dictatorship to create order in society (people naturally chaotic)

Question 24

Locke

Answer 24

Believed in a democracy, people born with blank slate (reasonable, cooperative)

Question 25

Montesquieu

Answer 25

Believed in a democracy with constitutional restrictions and BRANCHES (not everybody evil nor good)

Question 26

Rousseau

Answer 26

Complete equal democracy (total equality, with the right system everybody is equal) no class

Question 27

Voltaire

Answer 27

Freedom of speech and enlightened monarch

Question 28

Role of Robespierre

Answer 28

Most influential figure in French rev and reign of terror, advocating for a republic…. Then advocating for violence

Question 29

Nationalism

Answer 29

• a feeling that people have of being loyal to and proud of their country; a desire by a large group of people (such as people who share the same culture, history, language, etc.) to form a separate and independent nation of their own
• French people were proud of their accomplishments during& after rev., leading to nationalistic feelings that spread through Europe and all over the world
• its lead to great accomplishments as well as hatred and war

Question 30

When revolution got bloody

Answer 30

July 14, 1789