Nancy Test 1 Atherosclerosis Flashcards
Steps to vascular injury
Uninjured cells migrate to injured intima OR are derived from precursors
SMCs proliferate and synthesize ECM (collagen)
Intimal thickening occurs
What is effected in arteriolosclerosis
small arteries and arterioles
What causes arteriolosclerosis
hypertension and diabetes
What are the types of arteriolosclerosis? What are they seen in
Hyaline- mild chronic htn
Hyperplastic- “onionskin” malignant/accelerated htn
What do you see in Monckeberg arteriosclerosis
ring like calcifications on x-ray (ulnar and radial a)
calcium deposits in media of muscular arteries
This is not clinically significant
What has intimal lesions that are found in elastic and muscular arteries
Atherosclerosis
What are the nonmodifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis
Age- greater with age
Gender- men and postmenopausal women(estrogen protects before this)
Genetics
Marker for atherosclerosis
C reactive protein
Modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertension
Smoking
Diabetes
Steps of atherosclerosis
1) injury
2) lipoproteins move into vessel wall (LDL)
3) monocytes stick and turn into macrophages and foam cells
4) platelests stick and release factors
5) SMCs produce ECM
What is the earliest lesion in atherosclerosis and what is it made of
Fatty streak is made of lipid filled foamy macrophages
Seen in children
atherosclerotic plaques consist of
intimal thickening
fibrous cap
flow disturbances
Where is atherosclerosis most likely to occur
lower abdominal aorta
What is in the center of a plaque
debris, cholesterol crystals, calcium, foam cells (lipid core)
calcification causes hardening
What options occur in acute plaque change
Rupture/fissue
Erosion/ulceration
Hemorrhage
