Nails Flashcards
What is the hyponychium
The epithelium under the free edge of the nail plate on the nail
What is the eponychium
i.e. the cuticle or nail fold
What is the paronychium
Where the nail and skin meet at the side of the nail
What are Beau’s lines
horizontal line across nail plate due to transient arrest in nail growth
Causes of Beau’s lines
acute stress/illness
nail signs seen in psoriasis
subungual hyperkeratosis
nail dystrophy
onycholysis
pitting
What is onychomycosis
tinea unguium - fungal infection of the nail
Bacteria causing acute paronychia
Staph. aureus
Strep. pyogenes
Main cause of chronic paronychia
Candida
Appearance of nail in chronic paronychia
Absence of paronychial swelling
dystrophic nail
Who most commonly gets chronic paronychia
People who have their hands wet a lot - cleaners or hairdressers
Tx of periungual viral warts
cryotherapy, salicylic acid
Most common fungus causing a fungal nail infection
Trichophyton rubrum
Typical presentation of fungal nail infection
Dystrophic uneven nail surfaces
Tx of fungal nail infections
Topical antifungal agent
What is a subungual haematoma
A collection of blood underneath the nail
Causes of a subungual haematoma
Trauma
What differentiates a subungual haematoma from a malignant melanoma
Subungual haematoma - absence of involvement of nail fold
Malignant melanoma - involvement of nail fold
Hutchison’s sign
Sign of nail malignant melanoma - involvement of nail fold
What is a myxoid cyst
small cystic lesion in nail folds
presentation of myxoid cyst
depression of vertical nail plate due to pressure on the plate
What is a periungual fibroma
growth of the nail fold
Condition where periungual fibromas are seen
Tuberose Sclerosis
What is a periungual fibroma also known as
Koenen’s tumour
Presentation of lichen planus in the nails
longitudinal ridging
+/- scarring of nail plate is cuticle is destroyed
