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Dermatology > Hair > Flashcards

Hair Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

3 hair types

A

Lanugo
Vellus
Terminal

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2
Q

What is Lanugo hair

A

fine long hairs covering a foetus

shed about 1 month before birth

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3
Q

What is Vellus hair

A

short fine hairs covering most of body surface

replace lanugo hairs

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4
Q

What is Terminal hair

A

long course hairs e.g. scalp and pubic area

growth influenced by androgen levels

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5
Q

Location of sebaceous glands in hair follicle unit

A

Lie adjacent to hair follicle and open up into follicle to secrete sebum for lubrication

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6
Q

Role of arector pili muscle

A

contraction makes hair stand on end

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7
Q

What are the 3 phases of the hair cycle

A

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen

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8
Q

What is the anagen phase of the hair cycle

A

growing phase

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9
Q

How long does the anagen phase last for

A

2-6 years scalp

1-6 months eyebrows and eyelashes

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10
Q

What is the catagen phase of the hair cycle

A

Transitional phase

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11
Q

What is the telogen phase of the hair cycle

A

Resting phase

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12
Q

How many hairs is it normal to lose/day

A

50-150

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13
Q

Is hair growth synchronised in humans

A

No -asynchronous

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14
Q

List 7 causes of generalised hair loss

A
  1. Telogen effluvium
  2. Endocrine e.g. thyroid
  3. Drugs
  4. Iron deficiency
  5. Diffuse alopecia areata
  6. Malnutrition
  7. Androgenetic alopecia
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15
Q

Localised hair loss can be split into what 2 categories

A

Scarring and non-scarring

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16
Q

List 5 causes of scarring localised alopecia

A
  1. burns
  2. kerion
  3. Cutaneous discoid lupus erythematous
  4. Lichen planus
  5. Frontal fibrosing alopecia
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17
Q

List 5 causes of non-scarring localised alopecia

A
  1. Alopecia areata
  2. Androgenetic
  3. trichotillomania
  4. Traction alopecia
  5. Tinea capitis
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18
Q

What investigations are carried out for hair loss

A

Skins craping and hair pluckings
Wood’s lamp (?tinea)
Scalp biopsy and IMF (?inflammatory cause)
Blood tests (?systemic cause)

19
Q

What is alopecia areata

A

A non-scarring localised alopecia that is autoimmune caused

20
Q

Autoimmune disorders associated with alopecia areata

A

T1DM, autoimmune thyroiditis

21
Q

Presentation of alopecia areata

A

well-demarcated areas of hair loss
no scarring
“exclamation hair”

22
Q

What is “exclamation hair”

A

seen in alopecia areata

hair is dark and thick distally, loses pigmentation towards the follicle and the follicle itself is a dark spot, so giving the appearance of an exclamation mark

23
Q

Treatment of alopecia areata

A

None
Topical/Systemic steroids
PUVA

24
Q

How long can hair take to grow back in alopecia areata

A

Months to years

25
Q

What is alopecia totalis

A

Whole scalp hair loss

26
Q

What is alopecia universalis

A

Whole body hair loss

27
Q

What is trichotillomania

A

A non-scarring localised alopecia caused from pulling of hair

28
Q

Presentation of trichotillomania

A

unilateral, sharply demarcated hair loss
small fine hair regrowth
underlying psychological problem

29
Q

What is tinea capitis

A

Scalp ringworm

30
Q

Presentation of tinea capitis

A

non-scarring localised alopecia

with erythematous, scaly patch on scalp

31
Q

Ix for tinea capitis

A

skin scarpings
hair pluckings
Wood’s lamp

32
Q

Tx of tinea capitis

A

Griseofulvin - oral anti-fungal (the only one licensed for children)

33
Q

What is Kerion

A

Inflammatory tinea capitis, where the patient has a hypersensitivity reaction to the fungus

34
Q

Presentation of Kerion

A

painful, boggy mass on scalp
+/- lymphadenopathy
scarring localised alopecia

35
Q

What is cutaneous discoid lupus erythematosus (CDLE)

A

a scarring chronic inflammatory skin disease that can present elsewhere other than hair

36
Q

Ix for CDLE

A

skin biopsy with DIF

37
Q

Mx CDLE

A
  1. photoprotection,
    potent topical steroids,
    hydroxychloroquine
38
Q

What is androgenetic hair loss

A

generalised hair loss seen in post menopausal women or women with high androgen levels developing male pattern baldness

39
Q

Ix for androgenetic hair loss

A

hormone levels, iron, zinc

40
Q

Mx androgenetic hair loss

A

Minoxidil (Regaine)
Anti-androgens
Wig

41
Q

What is hirsutism

A

androgen dependent hair growth i.e. male growth pattern

42
Q

Causes of hirsutism

A 
familial/constitutional 
adrenal hyperplasia or tumour 
PCOS 
pituitary  hyperprolactinaemia 
iatrogenic - glucocorticoids, danazol
43
Q

What is hypertrichosis

A

Excessive hair growth in non-androgenic distribution

44
Q

Drugs causing hypertrichosis

A

Minoxidil
Phenytoin
Ciclosporin

Dermatology (20 decks)

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