Nail&Skin - Diseses And Disorders

Question 1

Nail Psoriasis

Answer 1

Can be found in toe or fingernails
Due to an over production of skin cells
Symptoms ; nail crumbling, nail pitting, nail discolouration (yellow or brown), skin cells can build up under the nail, blood may appear, can eventually cause onycholysis

Question 2

Leukonychia

Answer 2

Causes white lines or dots to appear on nail plate
Can affect one or multiple nails
Most common cause is trauma to the nail bed (striking, hitting nail on something)
Occasionally due to allergic reaction, fungal infection or mineral deficiency

Question 3

Onychomycosis (ringworm of the nail)

Answer 3

Nail plate thinking
Fungal infection - affect either finger or toenails
Main symptom - nail plate thinking
Other symptoms - nail discolouration (yellow/green/brown), infected nail can smell, nail plate splitting/crumbling, can cause onycholysis

Question 4

Paronychia

Answer 4

Infection of the skin surrounding the nail
Caused by damage to skin & cuticles from picking, biting or pulling hangnails
Damage becomes infected with bacteria causing throbbing pain, redness, warmth and swelling of the skin
In some cases puss forms under infected area, occasionally under the nail plate itself

Question 5

Warts

Answer 5

Viral infection
Excess out of keratin cells produced in the epidermis, extra keratin produces rough, hard texture
Can be contagious

Question 6

Onycholysis

Answer 6

Severe separation of the nail plate from the nail bed
Nail discolouration depending on the cause
Can be caused by nail injury or allergy from products used on the nail eg acetone
Sometimes symptom of fungal infection or psoriasis

Question 7

Skin Psoriasis

Answer 7

Chronic autoimmune condition causing rapid skin cell buildup resulting in redness and inflammation
Can be mild or severe

Question 8

Koilonychia (spoon nails)

Answer 8

Often thin, soft and sometime ‘scooped’ out - can hold droplet of water in nail depression
Often skin of underlying health condition eg iron deficiency (most frequently), lupus or inflammatory skin conditions

Question 9

Onychorrhexis

Answer 9

Brittle nails - main symptom
Can include; nail breaking easily, longitudes ridges on nail plate
Common causes - thyroid disorders, anaemia, excess, excess use of acetone

Question 10

Ringworm (skin)

Answer 10

Fungal infection that can be passed through close contact with infected person or objects
Can appear anywhere - generally a ring shaped, red rash. Rash may be scaly, dry, swollen or itchy

Question 11

Onychophagy

Answer 11

Severe nail or skin biting

Clients nails and surrounding skin can be sensitive and will experience pain

Question 12

Yellow nails

Answer 12

Can sometimes be more than not using a base coat
Can indicate; hypothyroidism, diabetes and sometimes psoriasis
(Remember can also be sign on fungal infection)

Question 13

Vertical ridges

Answer 13

Many causes: eczema, dry skin, vit deficiencies, iron deficiencies
However can be due to age - older adults have slower cell turn over

Question 14

Keloid scaring

Answer 14

Overgrowth of scar tissue, can sometimes be larger than original injury
Raised areas of skin, pink or red in colour, sometimes itchy and sensitive

Question 15

Tinea Pedis (athletes foot) foot

Answer 15

Contagious fungal infection on skin of the feet, can spread to toes and hands
Common occurs in those w sweaty feet or tight fitting shoes
Can be itchy, cracked, dry skin, blisters & discoloured skin

Question 16

Impetigo

Answer 16

Although not normally serious, can be very contagious

Although most common in children can appear in adults

Question 17

Verrucas

Answer 17

Type of wart that develops on soles of feet, can be itchy/painful
Appear as black spot, usually thicker that surrounding skin and smooth
Although not contagious, can be transferred through contact on floor surfaces -particularly wet floors

Question 18

Nail clubbing

Answer 18

Change in structure of finger or toenails. Finger takes on upside down spoon shape, can be spongy, soft and red discolouration
Sometimes it can just happen, sometimes generics, and sometimes as result of a medical conditions

Question 19

Bruised nails (subungual hematoma)

Answer 19

Medical terms for bruising or bleeding under this nails, usually result of trauma to the blood vessels under nail bed.
Bleeding starts reddish/purple, turned black, brown as it clots
Discolouration will grow out eventually however in severe cases nail may fall off or need to be removed

Question 20

Onychocryptosis

Answer 20

Ingrowing toenail
Nail grows so that it cuts in to one or both side walls
Often painful
Can occur in fingers and toenails, most commonly toe