Nail

Question 1

Causes of nail dystrophy

Answer 1

1. Congenital Nail Patella Syndrome:
Ellis Van Creveld Syndrome;
Ectodermal Dysplasia;
Dyskeratosis congentia;
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

2. Skin disease:
Psoriasis;
Eczema;
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystophica;
Incontinentia Pigmenti

3. Nail Disease:
   Trauma;
   Fungal infection
4. Systemic disease:
   Hypoparathyroidism
5. Self infliction

Question 2

Incontinentia Pigmenti

Answer 2

Aetiology: 55% +ve FH, other due to gene mutation
Clinical features:
a. Skin - last phase is atrophic grey brown pigmentation in whorl/ patch/ freckle/ linear pattern and finally skin lesions become atrophic
Hypopigmented patches in adulthood
b. 1/3 MD, Epilepsy and Microcephaly, 1/3 Dental abnormality; 1/3 with eye abnormality (cataract, uveitis)
c. 20% patchy alopecia (Posterior); 20% bony abnormality (hemivetebrae, Kyphoscoliosis, Syndactyly and hemiatrophy)
d. Occasionally nail dysplasia, hydrocephalus and short statue