Chest Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of Pigeon chest (Pectus Carinatum)
A
- Congenital
- Chronic lung disease
- Chronic heart failure
2
Q
Causes of Funnel Chest (Pectus Excavatum)
A
Congenital
3
Q
Causes of short sternum
A
- Turners
- Noonan’s
- Edwards
4
Q
Causes of long narrow chest
A
Ellis van Creveld syndrome
5
Q
Causes of hypoplastic nipples
A
- Polland Syndrome (unilateral)
2. Turner’s Syndrome
6
Q
Cause of widely spaced nipples
A
- Turners
- Noonan’s
- Edwards
7
Q
Causes of hyperinflatted chest
A
- Unilateral - FB obstruction; Lymph node due to TB; Congenital lobar emphysema
- Bilateral - Asthma; CF; Acute Brochiolitis; Interstitial Pneumonitis
8
Q
Harrison’s Sulcus
A
- Chronic lung disease (Asthma, BPD, CF, Kartageners etc)
- Chronic heart disease
- Soft chest wall - Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Rickets
9
Q
Steps in clinical examination of Chest abnormalities
A
- Look for short statue, wasting, cyanosis, finger clubbing, eczema, adenoid face in asthma, erythema nodosum and BCG scar
- Examine the chest
- BP & PFR are important Inx in chest examination
10
Q
Causes of Gynaecomastia
A
- Normal puberty
- For male - Klinefelter’s syn
- For female - Precocious puberty / Thelarche
- Drugs - Digoxin, Cimetidine and Spironolactone
- Liver cirrhosis
- Endocrine - Hypothyroidism, DM
- Hypothalamic lesion
11
Q
Surgical scars in chest wall
A
1. Sternotomy scar: • Open heart surgery - Waterston shunt (Aorto-pulmonary) • Shunt for TOF • Thymectomy in MG • Mediastinal operation
2. Left Thoracotomy scar • Ligation of PDA • CoA repair • PA banding • Blalock-Taussig shunt • Repair of diaphragmatic hernia • Oesophageal atresia, Hiatus hernia • Lung surgery
- Right Thoracotomy scar
• BT shunt
• PA banding
• Lung surgery