Chest Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of Pigeon chest (Pectus Carinatum)

A
  1. Congenital
  2. Chronic lung disease
  3. Chronic heart failure
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2
Q

Causes of Funnel Chest (Pectus Excavatum)

A

Congenital

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3
Q

Causes of short sternum

A
  1. Turners
  2. Noonan’s
  3. Edwards
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4
Q

Causes of long narrow chest

A

Ellis van Creveld syndrome

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5
Q

Causes of hypoplastic nipples

A
  1. Polland Syndrome (unilateral)

2. Turner’s Syndrome

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6
Q

Cause of widely spaced nipples

A
  1. Turners
  2. Noonan’s
  3. Edwards
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7
Q

Causes of hyperinflatted chest

A
  1. Unilateral - FB obstruction; Lymph node due to TB; Congenital lobar emphysema
  2. Bilateral - Asthma; CF; Acute Brochiolitis; Interstitial Pneumonitis
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8
Q

Harrison’s Sulcus

A
  1. Chronic lung disease (Asthma, BPD, CF, Kartageners etc)
  2. Chronic heart disease
  3. Soft chest wall - Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Rickets
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9
Q

Steps in clinical examination of Chest abnormalities

A
  1. Look for short statue, wasting, cyanosis, finger clubbing, eczema, adenoid face in asthma, erythema nodosum and BCG scar
  2. Examine the chest
  3. BP & PFR are important Inx in chest examination
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10
Q

Causes of Gynaecomastia

A
  1. Normal puberty
  2. For male - Klinefelter’s syn
  3. For female - Precocious puberty / Thelarche
  4. Drugs - Digoxin, Cimetidine and Spironolactone
  5. Liver cirrhosis
  6. Endocrine - Hypothyroidism, DM
  7. Hypothalamic lesion
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11
Q

Surgical scars in chest wall

A
1. Sternotomy scar:
• Open heart surgery - Waterston shunt (Aorto-pulmonary)
• Shunt for TOF 
• Thymectomy in MG
• Mediastinal operation
2. Left Thoracotomy scar
• Ligation of PDA
• CoA repair
• PA banding
• Blalock-Taussig shunt 
• Repair of diaphragmatic hernia
• Oesophageal atresia, Hiatus hernia
• Lung surgery
  1. Right Thoracotomy scar
    • BT shunt
    • PA banding
    • Lung surgery
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