Generalised oedema

Question 1

Causes of generalized oedema

Answer 1

1. Nephrotic syndrome
2. Liver cirrhosis
3. Congestive HF
4. Protein losing enteropathy
5. Malnutrition

Question 2

Steps in physical examination

Answer 2

1. Look for generalised anasarca (extreme oedema):
   • Periorbital oedema, ankle oedema, distended abdomen, scrotal oedema
   • Pallor, wasting esp buttock (malnutrition, malabsorption)
   • Cushingnoid (nephrotic)
   • Jaundice
   • Dyspnoea ( HF)
2. Hands for clubbing and liver palm
3. Chest for spider and pleural effusion
4. Abdo for liver, spleen, bowel masses and fistula and ascites