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Bot Med 3 > Nagel Herbs to Know > Flashcards

Nagel Herbs to Know Flashcards

1
Q

scientific name for red rice yeast

A

Monascus purpureus

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2
Q

part used of Monascus purpureus

A

mold/fungus

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3
Q

key constituents of Monascus purpureusre

A

statins

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4
Q

scientific name of cynara scolymus

A

artichoke leaf

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5
Q

part used of cynara scolymus

A

leaf

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6
Q

key constituents of cynara scolymus

A

caffeic acids (cynarin), flavonoids (rutin, luteolin), sesquiterpene lactones

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7
Q

medicinal actions of cynara scolymus

A

Diuretic, alterative, choleretic, hypolipidemic agent, edema, rheumatism, gout, jaundice

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8
Q

scientific name of Guggul

A

Commiphora mukul

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9
Q

part used of Commiphora mukul

A

resin

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10
Q

key constituents of Commiphora mukul

A

ketonic steroids (guggulsterones), mucilage , gum, lignans, fatty acid alcohols, sterols, esters

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11
Q

medicinal actions of Commiphora mukul

A

anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidant, anti-coagulant, ↑HDL, ↓LDL

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12
Q

contraindications of Commiphora mukul

A

Caution with Cholesterol, TG lowering drugs, Anticoagulant drugs and thyroid medication

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13
Q

toxicity of Commiphora mukul

A

insoluble parts are toxic; Uncommon Rash and GI upset

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14
Q

scientific name of Fenugreek

A

Trigonella foenum-graecum

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15
Q

part use of Trigonella foenum-graecum

A

ripe seeds

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16
Q

key constituents of Trigonella foenum-graecum

A

galactomannans (mucilage, ↓cholesterol/ TGs); pyridine alkaloids, steroidal sapogenins; flavonoids; protein

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17
Q

medicinal actions of Trigonella foenum-graecum

A

Demulcent, hypoglycemic, ↓cholesterol (de-fatted seeds) galactagogue, Stomachtic. Diabetes, dyspepsia

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18
Q

contraindications of Trigonella foenum-graecum

A

caution with hypothyroid, blood thinners (has coumarin), curry-like body odor

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19
Q

scientific name of Garlic

A

Allium sativum

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20
Q

part used of Allium sativum

A

bulb

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21
Q

key constituents of Allium sativum

A

sulphur

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22
Q

contraindications of Allium sativum

A

not used within 10 days of surgery or with medications that inhibit blood coagulation; hypercoagulation conditions

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23
Q

toxicity of

A

Fresh Allium can cause irritation to the gastric mucosa. Called Garlic Afterburn; Can cause blister on skin if applied directly

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24
Q

scientific name of Hawthorne

A

Crataegus monogyna

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25
Q

part used of Crataegus monogyna

A

leaf and flower best, also berries

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26
Q

key constituents of Crataegus monogyna

A

Oligomeric procyanidins (OPC); Flavonoids (Hyperoside, Vitexin-2- O- rhamnoside, Rutin); triterpenoid sapogenins; amines

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27
Q

medicinal actions of Crataegus monogyna

A

♣ Cardioprotective, Mild hypotensive, Peripheral vasodilator, Anti arrhythmic, Anti oxidant, Restorative, Collagen stabilizing, astringent; palpitations, edema, angina, CAD, arteriosclerosis

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28
Q

contraindications of Crataegus monogyna

A

caution w/ other hypotensive drugs

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29
Q

toxicity of Crataegus monogyna

A

acute 6 g/kg

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30
Q

scientific name of mistletoe

A

Viscum album

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31
Q

part used of Viscum album

A

whole plant

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32
Q

key constituents of Viscum album

A

Lectins (Viscumin), Proteins, Polypeptides (Viscotoxins), Polysaccharides

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33
Q

medicinal actions of Viscum album

A

Sedative, Hypotensive, vasodialtor, Anti –cancer, immune; weak heart, dyspnea, hypertrophy, valve insuff

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34
Q

contraindications of Viscum album

A

avoided during pregnancy due to uterine stimulant action of tyramine

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35
Q

toxicity of Viscum album

A

berries are considered much more toxic than the leaves or stems

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36
Q

scientific name of Indian Snakeroot

A

Rauwolfia serpentine

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37
Q

key constituents of Rauwolfia serpentine

A

indole alkaloids (reserpine), Ajmaline, alseroxylone, rescinamine, roxinil

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38
Q

medicinal actions of Rauwolfia serpentine

A

Hypotensive, Sedative, Anti arrhythmic, tranquilizing, ↓HR, constrict pupils, ↓catecholamines (DA, NE, 5-HTP) → ↓sympathetic tone, vasodilation →↓BP; tachycardia, anxiety, schizophrenia, mania, migraines, alcohol w/d tremors

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39
Q

contraindications of Rauwolfia serpentine

A

♣ digitoxin, beta-blockers, levodopa, CNS depressants, anti-epileptics

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40
Q

scientific name of o Aconite/ Monkshood/ Wolfsbane/ Friars Cap

A

Aconitum napellus

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41
Q

key constituents of Aconitum napellus

A

Toxic diterpenoid alkaloids: aconitine, benzaconine, benzoylaconine, ephedrine, sparteine

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42
Q

medicinal actions of Aconitum napellus

A

small amount = stimulates; Febrifuge, Sedative,

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43
Q

toxicity of Aconitum napellus

A

large amount = depresses; tingling, numbness, nausea, salivation strangling, dysphagia, stomach pain → vomiting, prostration → ventricular fibrillation, cold extremities, can’t talk, ↓resp → death

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44
Q

medicinal action of o Gelsemium sempervirens

A

for nervous system, reduces irritability, strong sedative

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45
Q

scientific name of deadly nightshade

A

Atropa belladona

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46
Q

part used of Atropa belladona

A

leaf

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47
Q

key constituents of Atropa belladona

A

solanaceous alkaloids

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48
Q

medicinal actions of Atropa belladona

A

Narcotic, sedative, mydriatic (dilate pupils), respiratory spasmolytic, anodyne, GI, vasodilation, bronchial dilation, ↓vagus →tachycardia, ↑BP,

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49
Q

contraindications of Atropa belladona

A

glaucoma, urinary retention, paralytic ileus, intestinal atony and obstruction, tachycardia, arrhythmia, BPH

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50
Q

toxicity of Atropa belladona

A

tx toxicity with 2 mg IV Physostigmine; cocaine high → confusion, hallucinate, diplopa → fibrillation, ↑RR/T → paralysis, coma, death

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51
Q

part used of Bryonia alba

A

root

52
Q

key constituents of Bryonia alba

A

cucurbitacin glycosides, triterpenes, sterols

53
Q

medicinal actions of Bryonia alba

A

stitching pain, serous membranes (dry), esp chest, relax smooth mm, diaphoretic, diuretic, laxative, ↓BP, edema,

54
Q

toxicity of Bryonia alba

A

♣ skin blisters on contact, GI inflammation, colic, vomit, diarrhea, weak heart, ↓T, mydriasis, HA, dizzy, delirium, cold sweat, death

55
Q

part used of Veratrum virde

A

root

56
Q

medicinal actions of Veratrum virde

A

like aconite; full/rapid pulse, cough, HA, fever, inflammation, hypertension

57
Q

toxicity of Veratrum virde

A

highly toxic and poisonous

58
Q

scientific name for puke weed

A

Lobelia inflate

59
Q

key constituents of Lobelia inflate

A

Piperidine alkaloids (L/alpha-lobeline), Lobelanine, lobelanidine, norlobelanine, isolobinine; Triterpenoid saponin (beta amyrin), Chelidonic acid, carboxylic acid, Resins, Gums, Fats

60
Q

medicinal actions of Lobelia inflate

A

stimulant and relaxant; “diffusive”; angina, CHF, sedative, pulmonary, asthma (anti-spasm),

61
Q

toxicity of Lobelia inflate

A

tight throat, salivate, esophagus burns, vomit, weak, stupor, tremor, ↓BP, ↑RR, ↓T, pinpoint pupils → collapse, coma, death

62
Q

dosing of Lobelia inflate

A

emetic (1 tsp dried, non-boiled); 600 mg/d max; ø 1:10 2 mL tid;

63
Q

scientific name for Willow

A

Salix spp

64
Q

part used for Salix spp

A

bark

65
Q

key constituents of Salix spp

A

♣ Phenolic Glycosides: Salicin, Salicortin, Tremulacin, fragilin; Flavonoids: narigngen, cataechin, epicatechin; Condensed flavanones: dimeric and trimeric procyanidins

66
Q

medicinal actions of Salix spp

A

♣ analgesic, haemostatic, antipyretic, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, bitter tonic; chronic low back pain

67
Q

contraindications of Salix spp

A

ASA sensitivity, kids w viral infx or Reye’s syndrome sxs

68
Q

scientific name of Devil’s claw

A

Harpogophytum procumbens

69
Q

medicinal actions of Harpogophytum procumbens

A

arthritis, inflammation

70
Q

contraindication of Harpogophytum procumbens

A

may cause diarrhea

71
Q

scientific name of Feverfew

A

Tanacetum parthenium

72
Q

part used for Tanacetum parthenium

A

leaf and flower

73
Q

medicinal actions of Tanacetum parthenium

A

migraines, arthritis

74
Q

contraindications of Tanacetum parthenium

A

allergy to pollen

75
Q

part used of Boswellia serrata

A

gum resin

76
Q

key constituent of Boswellia serrata

A

boswellic acid

77
Q

medicinal action of Boswellia serrata

A

inflammatory conditions of the joints and bowels

78
Q

scientific name of Tumeric

A

Curcuma longa

79
Q

part used of Curcuma longa

A

rhizome

80
Q

key constituents of Curcuma longa

A

curcuminoids, volatile oils

81
Q

medicinal actions of Curcuma longa

A

Anti-inflammatory, Anti-oxidant, Anti-hepatotoxic, Choleretic, Anti-lipidemic, Antagonist of Platelet Aggregating Factor (PAF), Anti-neoplastic Carminative, Stimulant, Alterative, Anti-bacterial, Vulnerary

82
Q

part used of Cimicifuga

A

root and rhizome

83
Q

key constituents of Cimicifuga

A

salicylic acid, caffeic acid

84
Q

medicinal actions of Cimicifuga

A

anti-inflammation, fibromyalgia, arthritis, neuralgia, sciatica, perimenopause HAs

85
Q

contraindication of Cimicifuga

A

1st tri (emmenagogue); lactating; estrogen sensitive CAs (controversial)

86
Q

toxicity of Cimicifuga

A

frontal headaches with high doses

87
Q

part used of Zingiber officinale

A

rhizome

88
Q

key constituents of Zingiber officinale

A

♣ gingerol, shogaol, essential oil, zingiberine, arcurcumene

89
Q

medicinal actions of Zingiber officinale

A

Choleretic. GI Stimulant. Anti-inflammatory. Diaphoretic.General Stimulant.Rubefacient. Carminative, anti emetic Expectorant. Analgesic.; motion sickness, N?V of pg, dydpepsia, gas, bloating, fever, osteoarthritis, inflammation; migraines

90
Q

key constituents of Prunus cerasus

A

anthocyanin pigments, esp cyanidin-3-glucoside

91
Q

medicinal actions of Prunus cerasus

A

anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity

92
Q

scientific name of Blackberry

A

Rubus fruiticosus

93
Q

key constituents of Rubus fruiticosus

A

polyphenols; Anthocyanins (cyaniding, pelargonidin glycosides), Flavonoids (rutin, isoquercitrin, catechins), Ellagic acid, ellagitannins, Caffeic, ferulic, gallic acids

94
Q

medicinal actions of Rubus fruiticosus

A

antioxidant, radical scavenger

95
Q

scientific name of Back Raspberry

A

Rubus occidentalis

96
Q

part used of Rubus occidentalis

A

ripe fruit

97
Q

medicinal actions of Rubus occidentalis

A

anti-CA

98
Q

part used of Euphrasia officinalis

A

aerial

99
Q

medicinal actions of Euphrasia officinalis

A

eye inflammation, congestion, astringent

100
Q

key constituents of Euphrasia officinalis

A

Iridoid glycosides (aucuboside, aucubin, are anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial), Flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, apigenin glycosides), Tannin (mild, acrid bitter principle), volatile oil, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sterols, choline, fixed oils, fatty acids, vit. C, b-carotene, resin

101
Q

scientific name of Ma Huang

A

Ephedra sinica

102
Q

parts used of Ephedra sinica

A

stems and branches

103
Q

key constituents of Ephedra sinica

A

ephedrine alkaloids, proanthocyanidins (tannins), volatile oil (tetramethylpyrazine), alpha-terpineol, flavonoid glycosides

104
Q

medicinal actions of Ephedra sinica

A

bronchial dilator, decongestant, Diaphoretic, Antipyretic, Anti allergic, Antiasthmatic, Sympathomimetic, Respiratory spasmolytic; asthma; obesity?

105
Q

contraindications of Ephedra sinica

A

Anxiety and restlessness, ↑BP, glaucoma, ↓circulation of cerebrum, adenoma of prostate w residual urine accumulation, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, Pregnancy and lactation

106
Q

drug interactions of Ephedra sinica

A

antihypertensives, cardiac glycosides, corticosteroids, MAO inhibitors, Xanthines

107
Q

toxicity of Ephedra sinica

A

> 300 mg/day → insomnia, HA, irritable, vomit, ↑HR, etc

108
Q

scientific name of Nettles

A

Urtica dioica

109
Q

part used of Urtica dioica

A

leaf

110
Q

medicinal actions of Urtica dioica

A

Nutritional Alterative, Anti –Allergy, Diuretic, Anti-Arthritis, Sinus support, Liver support; atrophy, stagnation, depression, toxicity; ↓BP, hair loss, mucus, diarrhea, swelling, edema. Anemia of pregnancy, deficient lactation, Arthritis, gout, burns, hives, Atrophy or muscles or organs, Depletion, weakness, Allergies w protein sensitivities.

111
Q

scientific name of Goldenseal

A

Hydrastis

112
Q

part used of Hydrastis

A

root

113
Q

key constituent of Hydrastis

A

berberine

114
Q

medicinal actions of Hydrastis

A

♣ bitter tonic; digestive tonic; skin dos; eye inflammation; liver/GB congestion; tonic stimulant; ear infx, mucous membrane tonic; diarrhea/constipation, catarrh

115
Q

toxicity of Hydrastis

A

large doses, dry membranes, weaken immune system, weaken digestions

116
Q

scientific name of Mullein

A

Verbascum Thapsus

117
Q

part used of Verbascum Thapsus

A

leaf and flower

118
Q

key constituents of Verbascum Thapsus

A

♣ mucilage (D-galactose, Arabinose, D-mannose L-Fucose, Arabinogalactans); Flavonoids, Iridoid Monoterpenes, Saponins and Sterols.

119
Q

medicinal actions of Verbascum Thapsus

A

♣ Expectorant, Demulcent, anti catarrhal, vulnerary; otitis pain

120
Q

key constituents of Propolis

A

resins, balsams, beeswax, aromatic oils, bee pollen, flavonoids, amino acids, B vitamins,

121
Q

medicinal actions of Propolis

A

antimicrobial, anti-tussive, protector, vulnerary

122
Q

scientific name of Biscuit Root

A

Lomatium dissectum/

123
Q

key constituents of Lomatium dissectum/

A

essential oils, coumarins, furanocoumarins, pyranocoumarins, saponins, gums, resins, tetronic acids

124
Q

medicinal actions of Lomatium dissectum/

A

antimicrobial, immune support, tonic, tussive, expectorant; flu w sweat & fever, URI, herpes, HIV, CFS, candida, skin infx/ulcers (topical)

125
Q

contraindications of Lomatium dissectum/

A

long term, sun exposure

126
Q

toxicity of Lomatium dissectum/

A

full body rash

Bot Med 3 (5 decks)

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