Naaqis Flashcards
What is the definition of ناقِص ?
It means defective because the ending is defective (as it contains no harka and last letter will be a harf ila). e.g. يَرْضَئ
It is also called معتل لام.
It is also known as ذُو الاربعة - This is because when referring to the واحد متكلم in the فعل ماضي, it will have 4 letters.
Explain the تعليل for ناقِص concerning فعل ماضى
RULE 1: Where the و or ي is mutaharik and its ما قبل is مفتوح ، the لام كلمة will change to an ا.
For example,
رَمَيَ -> رَمَئ
غَزَوَ –> غَزَاء
Note: If the verb is naaqis wawi, waw changes to alif mamdooda.
If the verb if naaqis yaayee, yaa changes to alif maqsoora.
This will also take place for فعل ماضى in ثلاثي مزيد فيه. It will also apply to the majhool form for the فعل مضارع.
e.g. اَعْطَيَ becomes اَعْطَئ.
اِسْتَقْصَىَ becomes اِسْتَقْصَئ.
ادْتَعَوَ - اِدَّعَوَ - اِدَّعَا
Fil Majhool e.g. - يُرْمَيُ becomes يُرْمَئ
RULE 2: The حرف علة returns for the تثنية form. (e.g. رَمَيَا)
RULE 3: The حرف علة in the لام كلمة DROPS in the following 3 forms: فَعَلُو/فَعَلَتْ/ فَعَلتَا. i.e. جمع مذكر غائب/ واحد مؤنث غائب/ تثنية مؤنث غائب.
غَزَوُوْ becomes غَزَوْ.
غَزَوَتْ becomes غَزَتْ
غَزَوَتَا becomes غَزَتَا.
NOTE: When a dhameer is attached to the فعل ماضى after the omission of the لام كلمة, the ما قبل will determine what harakah the عين كلمة gets.
1. if the ما قبل is a فتحة = keep it as a فتحة (e.g. غَزَىَ becomes غَزَوْ)
2. if the ما قبل is a كسرة/ضمة = receives a ضمة (e.g. رَضِيُوْ becomes رَضُوْ) .
RULE 4: The حرف علة REMAINS from جمع مؤنث to متكلم.
Explain the تعليل for ناقِص concerning فعل مضارع
RULE 1 - Sukoon
The فعل مضارع receives a سكون in the مرفوع state.
This is because if the ما قبل of the waw/yaa is madmoom/maksoor, then it is necessary to drop the harakah of the laam kalimah.
يَغْزُوُ becomes يَغْزُوْ.
يَضْعُوُ becomes يَضْوُوْ
يَرْمِيُ becomes يَرْمِيْ.
This is because of the unnecessary weight & ثقل caused by the حركة therefore, it is given a سكون for ease of pronunciation.
Note: if the ما قبل is a fatha, the last letter will receive a fatha (alif maqsoora). If , however, the ما قبلis a dhamma/kasra, then the last letter will receive a saakin.
RULE 2 - thathneeya or jama muanth
The لام كلمة in the tathneeya or jama muanath is MAINTAINED.
يَدْعُوَانِ / يَدْعُونَ
RULE 3: The harf illa in Jama Muthakar & Wahid Muanath Hadir is omitted.
يَغْزُوْوْنَ becomes يَغْزُوْنَ (laam is ommitted as و is dhameer.
تَغْزُيِيْنَ becomes تَغْزُيْنَ becomes تَغْزِيْنَ (laam kalima kept in tact).
The form of جمع مذكر and جمع مؤنث is the same though the تقدير (asl) is different.
Explain the تعليل for ناقِص concerning مضارع مجزوم
The harf ul illa is ommitted in the مجزوم state.
e.g. لَمْ يَدْعُوْ becomes لَمْ يَدْعُ
Explain the تعليل for ناقِص concerning مضارع منصوب
In the منصوب state, the و/ي are made مفتوح.
For naaqis alifee, the alif maqsoora is indicative of a fatha.
لنْ يَدْعُوَ/ لن يَرْمِيَ/ لَن يَرْضَئ
Explain the تعليل for ناقِص concerning فعل امر
Harf illa drops
Explain the تعليل for ناقِص concerning اسم فاعل
/ِ غَازِوُنْ / غَازِيْنْ/ غازنْ
غَازٍ غَازِيَانِ غَازُونَ
غازِوَةٌ غَازِوَتَانِ غَازِوَاتٌ
It is necessary to change a و which occurs as the laam kalima and the ما قبل is مكسور to a ي.
It is necessary to change a ي which occurs as the laam kalima and the ما قبل is مضموم to a واو.
It is necessary to change a و which occurs after the 3rd letter to a ي providing that the ما قبل is not مضموم or a واو ساكن.
Explain the تعليل for ناقِص concerning اسم مفعول
Rule: When و and ي come together in the اسم مفعول and the first is sakin:
CHANGE the waw of mafool to a yaa and do idghaam.
رَمِيَ / مَرْمُوْيٌ/ مَرمُيْيٌ/ مَرْمِيٌّ
Explain the تعليل for ناقِص concerning ثلاثي مزيد فيه
It is necessary to change a واو which occurs after the 3rd letter (4th letter or beyond) of a word to a ي providing that the ما قبل is not madmoom or waw sakin.
عَدُوَ / اِعْتَدَوَ يَعْتَدِوُ
يَعْتَدِيُ / يَعْتَدِيْ
