Ajwaf Flashcards
What is the definition of ajwaf?
It is referred to as:
اجوف / معتل العين/ ذو الثلاثة
Possessor of 3 - because its wahid mutakalim form for maadi maroof will possess 3 letters.
e.g. بِئتُ، قُلْتُ، جِئْتُ
In terms of its linguistic meaning ajwaf comes from the word jawf (empty vacuum) word which is hollow; empty in the middle.
قَوَلْتُ - قُلْتُ
Explain the ajwaf rules taking place for: FIL MAADI.
Fil madi maroof
و/ي متحرك + ma qabl maftooh = change the و/ي into an alif.
aka: قلب
خَوَفَ = خَافَ
قَوَلَ = قَالَ
بَيَعَ = بَاعَ
the purpose of the change is to get rid of the thiql (to remove the heaviness of the word/ease of pronunciation).
Explain the ajwaf rules taking place for: FIL MAADI when there is a dameer attached to it (jama muananth to mutalkalim).
if the ghaib/hadir/jama muanth/mutakalim dhameer are attached to this verb then;
1.
فَعَلَ ————-> فَعُلَ - اجوف واوى
فَعَلَ ————-> فَعِلَ - اجوف يايي
- then the kasra or dhamma goes to the faa kalima
- in the case of iltiqaa us saakinayn , the harf illa will be ommitted.
shortcut: ijtimaus sakinayn/drop harf ila/give mawafiq harakah to faa kalıma
Explain the ajwaf rules taking place for: FIL MADI & FIL MUDARI MAJHOOL
step 1: the faa kalima will receive a kasra نقل
step 2: if the harf Ila is not موافق to the حركة prior to it, then it will need to be changed so that it is موافق to the حركة prior to it. (For example, the waw will not be mawafiq to the kasra and therefore will need to be changed to yaa). قلب
بُيِعَ - بِيْعَ
صُوِنَ - صِوْنَ - صِيْنَ
قُوِلَ -قِوْلَ - قِيْلَ
يُخْوَفُ - يُخَوفُ - يُخَافُ
يُبْيَعُ - يُبَيْعُ - يُبَاعُ
Explain the ajwaf rules taking place for: FIL MUDARI
و/ي متحرك + ma qabl is saheeh sakin = transfer the harakah of the و/ي back. (نقل)
( if the harf ul illa is not mawafiq to the harakah prior make it mawafiq - قلب).
بَيَعَ - يَبْيِعُ = يَبِيْعُ
قَوَلَ - يَقْوُلُ = يَقُولُ
خَوِفَ - يَخْوَفُ - يَخَوفُ- يَخَافُ
note: the dameer rule will apply to the jama muanth dameer attached to the fil mudari. e.g.يَبِعْنَ
Explain the ajwaf rules taking place for: Harf Jaazim
A) If the ما بعد is ساكن، then the عين كلمة is OMMITTED due to iltiqaa us saakinayn.
E.G. لم يَصُونْ - لم يَصُنْ
Note: this will apply to the 5 marfoo endings which LOOSE their عين كلمة (waw/yaa). يضرب تضرب تضرب اضرب نضرب
Jama muanath forms also loose their ayn kalima.
B) If the ما بعد is متحرك, then the عين كلمة REMAINS.
E.G. لم يصونان - لم يَصُونَا
Note: this will apply to the thaneeya, jama and wahid muanath forms.
The same rule will apply to fil amr.
Explain the ajwaf rules taking place for: MAZEED FEE
There are only 4 abwaab in the mazeed fee where the ajwaf rules apple. These are:
اِفْعَال/ افتعال/ اِنْفِعَال/ اِسْتِفْعَال
The same rules for fil madee and mudari will apply to these.
Explain the ajwaf rules taking place for: MASDAR
Baab ifaal and istifaal MASDAR rule:
Drop the harf Ila and bring a taa of عِوَد-a replacement of the harf ul ila.
اِقْوَامٌ - اِقَامَ- اِقَامَةٌ
اِجْوَابٌ - اِجَوْبٌ- اِجَابٌ - اِجَابَةٌ
اِسْتِقْوَامٌ- اِسْتِقَامٌ - اِسْتِقَامَةٌ
Note: in the masdar of bab iftiaal, the taa marboota may drop when it is made mudaaf (sometimes).
e.g. اِقَامَ الصَلَاةِ
اِقْوَامٌ - اِقَامٌ
Explain the ajwaf rules taking place for: BAB ISTIFAAL
In baab istifaal, changes of ajwaf are permissible and not wajib (i.e. there is no necessity for change).
اِسْتَحْوَذَ عليهم الشيطَان
It could be read as اِسْتَحَاذَ if the rules were applied. Jaiz to keep both.
Explain the ajwaf rules taking place for: ISM FAAIL
Thulaathee mujarad:
اسم فاعل from اجوف will be on the فَائِلٌ (the ayn kalima is replaced with a hamza whether its a و/ي).
=قَاوِلٌ = قَائِل
بَايِعٌ = بَائعٌ
صَاوِنٌ = صَائِنٌ
Reason: Its changed into a hamza because it is following the changes that have taken place in fil maadi.
The harf ul Ila is not changed into an alif because it would lead to التِقَاء الساكنين. IF it was committed, it would lead to confusion (التِبَاس). Thus, it is given a hamza, because it is the closest to an alif.
Thulathee mazeed fee: has the same tall as the fil mudari.
1. نقل - transfer the harakah back.
2. قلب - change to mawafiq if needed.
مُجْوِمٌ - مُجِيْبٌ | مُسْتَقْوِمٌ - مُسْتَقِيْمٌ | مُخْتَيْرٌ - مُخْتَارٌ | مُنْقَيْدٌ - مُنْقَادٌ
Explain the ajwaf rules taking place for: ISM MAFOOL
Thulathee Mujarad: There are two ways the taleel can take place.
1. Longer way
The taleel will take place through نقل and حذف.
step 1- transfer the harakah مَبْيُوعٌ - مَبُيْعٌ.
step 2 - Drop Harf illah (due to i.s) مَبُوْعٌ
This is ajwaf yayee, so change the waw to a yaa مَبُوعٌ - مَبِيْعٌ.
THE WAW OF MAFOOL IS MAINTAINED.
- Most popular way (imam seebaway - ommit waw of mafool)
The taleel takes place through ommitting the waw of mafool. Thereafter making any necessary changes to ensure the verb is correct.
مَبْيُوعٌ - مَبُيْعٌ- مَبِيْعٌ
Thulathee MAZEED FEE:
For ism mafool for thulathee mazeed fee, the taleel will take place through قلب. - waw / yaa mutaharik ما شاء الله qabl maftooh = change to an ا.
مُجْوَبٌ - مُجَوْبٌ - مُجَابٌ
مُسْتَقْوَمٌ - مُسْتَقَوْمٌ - مُسْتَقَامٌ
مُنْقَيَدٌ - مُنْقَادٌ
what is meant by the term قلب
This is where the taleel takes place through the changing of letters. e..g waw or yaa mutaharik maa qabl saheeh sakin changes to an alif.
بَيَعَ - بَاعَ
what is meant by the term نقل
This is where the the taleel takes place through transferring the harakah back to the previous letter.
e.g. بَيَعَ - يَبْيِعُ = يَبِيْعُ
what is meant by the term حذف
This is where the taleel takes place through omitting a harf ul illah predominantly due ijtimaa ul -saakinayn.
