N4 Grammar Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
あいだ
A
while; during; between ~
2
Q
あいだに
A
while; during~ something happened
3
Q
あまり～ない
A
not very, not much ~
4
Q
あとで
A
after~; later
5
Q
ば
A
conditional form; If [A] then [B]
6
Q
ばあいは
A
in the event of; in the case that ~
7
Q
ばかり
A
only; nothing but ~
8
Q
だけで
A
just by; just by doing
9
Q
だす
A
to begin to; to start to; to burst into; … out (e.g. to jump out, to carry out)
10
Q
でございます
A
to be (honorific)
11
Q
でも
A
… or something; how about~
12
Q
ではないか
A
right?; isn’t it?
13
Q
がひつよう
A
need; necessary
14
Q
がする
A
to smell; hear; taste
15
Q
がり
A
personality (someone tends to; has a tendency to; has a sensitivity to ~)
16
Q
がる、がっている
A
to show signs of; to appear; to feel, to think ~
17
Q
ございます
A
to be, to exist (the polite form of いる/ある)
18
Q
はじめる
A
to start; to begin to ~
19
Q
はずだ
A
it must be; it should be (expectation)
20
Q
はずがない
A
cannot be (impossible)
21
Q
ひつようがある
A
need to; it is necessary to
22
Q
いこうけい
A
volitional form; let’s do ~
23
Q
いらっしゃる
A
to be; to come; to go (polite version)
24
Q
いたしまる
A
to do (polite form of する)
25
じゃないか
right? isn't it? let's~; confirmation
26
いたします
to do (polite form of する)
27
かどうか
whether or not ~
28
かしら
I wonder (feminine)
29
かい
turns a sentence into a yes/no question
30
かもしれない
might; perhaps; indicates possibility
31
かな
I wonder; should I?
32
からつくる
made from; made with
33
きっと
surely; undoubtedly; almost certainly; most likely
34
ころ、ごろ
around; about; when
35
こと
Verb nominalizer
36
ことがある
there are times when
37
ことができる
can; able to
38
ことになる
It has been decided that..; it turns out that..
39
ことにする
to decide on
40
ことする
to make something ~
41
きゅうに
quickly; immediately; hastily; suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly ~
42
までに
by; by the time; indicates time limit
43
まま
as it is; current state; without changing
44
または
both; or; otherwise; choice between [A] or [B]
45
みたいだ
like; similar to; resembling ~
46
みたいな
like, similar to ~
47
みたいに
like; similar to ~
48
も
as many as; as much as; up to; nearly ~
49
な
don’t ~ (order somebody to not do something)
50
など
such as; things like ~
51
ながら
while; during; as; simultaneously
52
なかなか～ない
not easy to; struggling to; not able to ~
53
なければいけない
must do something; have to do something
54
なければならない
must do something; have to do something
55
なら
if; in the case that ~
56
なさい
do this (soft/firm command)
57
なさる
to do (honorific)
58
にきがつく
to notice; to realize
59
に見える
to look; to seem; to appear
60
にする
to make something ~
61
にくい
difficult to do ~
62
の中で
in; among ~
63
のに
although, in spite of, even though ~
64
のに
to (do something); in order to ~
65
のは～だ
[A] is [B]; the reason for [A] is [B]
66
お～ください
please do ~ (honorific)
67
お～になる
to do (honorific)
68
おきに
repeated at intervals, every ~
69
おわる
to finish; to end~
70
られる
potential form; ability or inability to do something
71
らしい
it seems like; I heard; apparently ~
72
さ
-ness ; nominalizer for adjective
73
さっき
some time ago; just now
74
させられる
causative-passive; to be made to do something
75
させる
causative form; to make/let somebody do something
76
させてください
please let me do
77
さすが
as one would expect; as is to be expected; even ~
78
し
and; and what’s more ~ (emphasis)
79
そんなに
so much; so; like that
80
それでも
but still; and yet; even so ~
81
それに
besides; in addition; also; moreover ~
82
そうだ
I heard that; it is said that ~
83
そうだ
looks like; appears like; seeming ~
84
そうに、そうな
seems like; looks like ~
85
たばかり
just finished; something just occurred
86
たところ
just finished doing, was just doing
87
たどうし、じどうし
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
88
たがる
wants to do ~ (third person)
89
たら
if; after; when ~
90
たらどう
why don't you; how about ~ (used to give advice)
91
たらいいですか
what should I do?; speaker seeking instructions from listener
92
て、で
conjunctive particle; so; because of [A], [B]...
93
てあげる
to do for; to do a favor
94
てほしい
I want you to; need you to ~
95
ていく
to start; to continue; to go on
96
ていた
was doing something (past continuous)
97
ていただけませんか
could you please ~
98
てくれる
could you please ~
99
てくる
to do… and come back; to become; to continue; to start ~
100
てみる
try doing
101
てもらう
to get somebody to do something
102
ておく
to do something in advance
103
てしまる、ちゃう
to do something by accident, to finish completely
104
てすみませｎ
I’m sorry for
105
てやる
to do for; to do a favor (casual)
106
てよかった
I’m glad that ~
107
ているところ
in the process of doing
108
ても
even; even if; even though ~
109
と
whenever [A] happens, [B] also happens
110
といってもいい
you could say; one might say; I'd say ~
111
という
called; named; that ~
112
ということ
convert phrase into noun
113
といわれている
it is said that ~
114
ときいた
I heard...
115
とおもう
to think…; I think…; you think…
116
とか～とか
among other things; such as; like ~
117
ところ
just about to; on the verge of doing something
118
つづける
continue to; keen on ~
119
って
named; called ~
120
うけみけい
passive form; passive voice
121
は～が。。は
[A] but [B]; however; comparison
122
やすい
easy to; likely to; prone to; have a tendency to ~
123
やっと
at last; finally; barely; narrowly ~
124
より
than; rather than; more than ~
125
よていだ
plan to, intend to
126
ようだ
appears; seems; looks as if ~
127
ように、ような
like; as; similar to ~
128
ようになる
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into ~
129
ようにする
to try to; to make sure that ~
130
ようとおもう
thinking of doing; planning to ~
131
ぜひ
by all means; certainly; definitely ~
132
ぜんぜん～ない
(not) at all
133
ずらい
difficult to do ~
