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N+ > N+ Ethernet Standards > Flashcards

N+ Ethernet Standards Flashcards

1
Q

CSMA/CD

A

Carrier Sense - Listen to wire when not busy
Multiple Access - All devices have access
Collision Detection - 2 Devices try to connect, back off random time and try again.

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2
Q

What Layer is a switch?

A

Layer 2

Combines Hub + Bridge

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3
Q

Layer 3 switches combine which 2 devices?

A

Routers & Switches

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4
Q

What does a layer 3 Router do?

A

Connects multiple networks together
Make forwarding Decisions using IP
Separates Networks using Collision/Broadcast Domains

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5
Q

How do bridges make forwarding decisions?

A

MAC Address Tables.

Adds Security and Efficiency.

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6
Q

What is a hub?

A

Layer 1 Device (dumb)

Uses CSMA/CD

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7
Q

What is a Combination Box?

A

Essentially a home router which combines WAP, Ports and media converter.

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8
Q

What is QOS?

A

Quality of service - Forwards Traffic based on priority markings

Puts devices in order of priority

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9
Q

What is traffic Filtering?

What is MAC Filtering

A

Permits / Denys traffic based on IP or application port.

Permits/Denies access based on a MAC Address for security

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10
Q

What is First Hop Redundancy?

A

Hot Standby Router Protocol using Virtual IP and Mac add’s to provide active router and standby router

If active is offline then standby answers.

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11
Q

What is 802.1x?

A

User Authentication - Security / Authentication

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12
Q

What is Port Monitoring?

What is Port Mirroring?

A

analyses packet flow over network

copys packets to different ports

used by switches

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13
Q

What is 802.3af?

A

Power of Ethernet at 15.4wats

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14
Q

What is 802.3at?

A

Power over Ethernet+ at 25.5wats

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15
Q

What is 802.3ad?

A

Link aggregation allows multiple physical connection into one logical connection

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16
Q

What are Link Costs?

A

Lower the speed = Higher the Cost

Higher the speed = Lower the Cost

17
Q

What is 802.1D?

A

STP - Spanning Tree Protocol

Permits redundant links between switches and prevents looping of network traffic

Availbility measured in 5’s (99.999% uptime)

5 mins downtime a year

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) used instead of STP for larger networks.

18
Q

What is 802.1Q?

A

VLAN - Virtual Local Area Network

Multiple VLANs transmitted over the same physical cable
VLANs are each tagged with 4-byte identifier
Tag Protocol Identifier (TPI)
Tag Control Identifier (TCI)

19
Q

What is a VPN?

A

Virtual private network (VPN) creates a secure, virtual tunnel network over an untrusted network, like the Internet

20
Q

What is a Firewall?

A

Network security appliance at your boundary

21
Q

What is a NGFW?

A

Next Generation Firewall

Conducts deep packet inspection at Layer 7
Detects and prevents attacks
Much more powerful than regular statefull/stateless firewalls

22
Q

What is IDS/IPS?

A

Intrusion Detection or Prevention System (IDS/IPS)

IDS recognizes attacks through signatures and anomalies
IPS recognizes and responds

23
Q

What is a DNS?

A

Domain Name System (DNS)

Converts domain names to IP addresses

24
Q

What is FQDN?

A

Fully-Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)

Domain name under a Top-Level Domain and represents a web, mail, or file server e.g MAIL. .COM

25
Q

What is URL?

A

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

▪ Contains the FQDN with method of accessing information

26
Q

What is DHCP and how does it work?

*Hint Dora

A

Dynamic Host Control Protocol

Detect > Offer > Request > Acknowledge

Automates process so the majority of devices on a network automatically receive
● IP address
● Subnet mask
● Default gateway
● DNS server addresses
27
Q

What is a Proxy Server?

A

Device that makes a request to external network(internet) on behalf of a client

Used for security to perform content filtering and logging

28
Q

What is a Content/Caching Engine?

A

Dedicated appliances that perform the caching functions of a proxy server

Are more efficient than a proxy server

29
Q

What are Content Switches?

A

Distributes incoming requests across the various servers in the server farm

Also known as Load Balancers

30
Q

What are the First Hop Redundancy Protocols?

A

HSRP - Hot Standby Router Protocol
GLBP - Gateway Load Balancing Protocol
VRRP - Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
CARP - Common Address Redundancy Protocol

N+ (7 decks)

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