N+ Ethernet Standards Flashcards
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense - Listen to wire when not busy
Multiple Access - All devices have access
Collision Detection - 2 Devices try to connect, back off random time and try again.
What Layer is a switch?
Layer 2
Combines Hub + Bridge
Layer 3 switches combine which 2 devices?
Routers & Switches
What does a layer 3 Router do?
Connects multiple networks together
Make forwarding Decisions using IP
Separates Networks using Collision/Broadcast Domains
How do bridges make forwarding decisions?
MAC Address Tables.
Adds Security and Efficiency.
What is a hub?
Layer 1 Device (dumb)
Uses CSMA/CD
What is a Combination Box?
Essentially a home router which combines WAP, Ports and media converter.
What is QOS?
Quality of service - Forwards Traffic based on priority markings
Puts devices in order of priority
What is traffic Filtering?
What is MAC Filtering
Permits / Denys traffic based on IP or application port.
Permits/Denies access based on a MAC Address for security
What is First Hop Redundancy?
Hot Standby Router Protocol using Virtual IP and Mac add’s to provide active router and standby router
If active is offline then standby answers.
What is 802.1x?
User Authentication - Security / Authentication
What is Port Monitoring?
What is Port Mirroring?
analyses packet flow over network
copys packets to different ports
used by switches
What is 802.3af?
Power of Ethernet at 15.4wats
What is 802.3at?
Power over Ethernet+ at 25.5wats
What is 802.3ad?
Link aggregation allows multiple physical connection into one logical connection
What are Link Costs?
Lower the speed = Higher the Cost
Higher the speed = Lower the Cost
What is 802.1D?
STP - Spanning Tree Protocol
Permits redundant links between switches and prevents looping of network traffic
Availbility measured in 5’s (99.999% uptime)
5 mins downtime a year
Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) used instead of STP for larger networks.
What is 802.1Q?
VLAN - Virtual Local Area Network
Multiple VLANs transmitted over the same physical cable
VLANs are each tagged with 4-byte identifier
Tag Protocol Identifier (TPI)
Tag Control Identifier (TCI)
What is a VPN?
Virtual private network (VPN) creates a secure, virtual tunnel network over an untrusted network, like the Internet
What is a Firewall?
Network security appliance at your boundary
What is a NGFW?
Next Generation Firewall
Conducts deep packet inspection at Layer 7
Detects and prevents attacks
Much more powerful than regular statefull/stateless firewalls
What is IDS/IPS?
Intrusion Detection or Prevention System (IDS/IPS)
IDS recognizes attacks through signatures and anomalies
IPS recognizes and responds
What is a DNS?
Domain Name System (DNS)
Converts domain names to IP addresses
What is FQDN?
Fully-Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)
Domain name under a Top-Level Domain and represents a web, mail, or file server e.g MAIL. .COM
What is URL?
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
▪ Contains the FQDN with method of accessing information
What is DHCP and how does it work?
*Hint Dora
Dynamic Host Control Protocol
Detect > Offer > Request > Acknowledge
Automates process so the majority of devices on a network automatically receive ● IP address ● Subnet mask ● Default gateway ● DNS server addresses
What is a Proxy Server?
Device that makes a request to external network(internet) on behalf of a client
Used for security to perform content filtering and logging
What is a Content/Caching Engine?
Dedicated appliances that perform the caching functions of a proxy server
Are more efficient than a proxy server
What are Content Switches?
Distributes incoming requests across the various servers in the server farm
Also known as Load Balancers
What are the First Hop Redundancy Protocols?
HSRP - Hot Standby Router Protocol
GLBP - Gateway Load Balancing Protocol
VRRP - Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
CARP - Common Address Redundancy Protocol
