MYTH 3 - Lecture 9 - Elite Athletes Naturally Born?

Question 1

Why are genes so important in a SES context?

Answer 1

All biological functions are carried out by human proteins. Genes provide information to make proteins required

Genes (DNA) -> RNA -> Proteins -> Biological function/physical activity (SES)

Question 2

What are the proteins in DNA

Answer 2

Adenine + Thymine

Guanine + Cytosine

Question 3

What is a gene

Answer 3

• a segment on the DNA that contains enough information necessary to build a protein
• one gene, one polypeptide
• one or more polypeptides = protein
• genes and proteins control growth, development and function

Question 4

What is a genotype

Answer 4

• your set of genes; your individual genetic make-up at the molecular level
• 23 pairs of chromosomes; about 23,000 genes
• gene variations exist, and are generated by mutations/errors in the sequence

Question 5

What is a phenotype

Answer 5

• observable characteristics or attributes resulting from the expression of MANY genes from over 100,000 different proteins

Question 6

How does information come from the DNA?

Answer 6

Occurs with transcription - copy of the DNA strand; messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), carried out by the enzyme RNA polymerase; ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose and uracil (U) base instead of thymine (T)