Lecture 2 - The Objective Evaluation of Physical Fitness

Question 1

What are the components of an exercise test?

Answer 1

• Pre-exercise screening
• Pre-exercise evaluation
• Exercise testing
• Post-exercise consultation

Question 2

What is the purpose of warm-up exercises

Answer 2

• increases heart rate
• increases blood flow to muscle and heart
• increase the temp of the muscle
• [good for energy-releasing chemical reactions] food + O2 -> energy +CO2 + H2O
• increased release of O2 from haemoglobin to skeletal muscle
• reduce stiffness of muscle
• reduce chances of getting Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
• Prime your nerve-muscle connections
• Prepare you mentally
• Lactic acid gets broken down a dew hours after exercise by liver

Question 3

During exercise the adjustments the body needs to make are:

Answer 3

1. Breathing: increases tidal volume
   rest: 500ml exercise: 3000ml
2. Breathing: increases breathing rate
   rest: 10-15/min exercise: 40/min
3. Pumping the heart
   rest: 70ml/beat exercise: 130ml/beat
4. Pumping of the heart: increases the heart rate
   rest: 70bpm exercise: 150bpm
5. Increase energy-releasing reactions in skeletal muscles
6. More blood flow to muscle [supply more nutrients + O2 and waste removal

Question 4

What is the purpose of cooling-exercises

Answer 4

• help heart and breathing rates to gradually get back to resting levels
• help avoid fainting or dizziness
• help remove waste material, especially lactic acid

Question 5

Purpose of pre-exercise screening

Answer 5

• to avoid doing any harm to a patient or subject
• morbidity is 1 : 10,000 exercise test
• mortality is 1 : 100,000 exercise test

Question 6

What is a pre-exercise screening

Answer 6

• may be a physical exam by the doctor

Question 7

What is pre-exercise evaluation

Answer 7

testing that includes:

• a resting blood pressure measurement
• the evaluation may also include a resting ECG
• May also include pulmonary function [resting lung function]

Question 8

Draw the 4 chambers of the heart

Answer 8

Right atria, Left atria –> blood flows in

Right ventricle [pump blood to lung], left ventricle[pump to whole body; thick muscular walls]

Question 9

Draw an ECG graph – label and describe

Answer 9

check 26/7/18

Question 10

what is the purpose of exercise testing -

Answer 10

• simple fitness testing
• diagnostic test to uncover underlying disease
• measure of responses to a fitness regimen

Question 11

Draw graph of exercise testing

Answer 11

check graph 26/7/18

Question 12

What is VO2max

Answer 12

• Amount of oxygen consumed, highest heart rate reached, subjective rate of effort, amount of lactate produced

Question 13

What is stress test

Answer 13

• looking for abnormal responses in heart rate and rhythm (ECG), blood pressure and symptoms during physical activity
• physician is usually present

Question 14

What is the trend for blood pressure during testing

Answer 14

• BP is monitored against at each stage

- usually systolic pressure to increase and diastolic to remain the same