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Myology 2 > Myology 2 Review (Midterm) > Flashcards

Myology 2 Review (Midterm) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Origin of a Muscle?

A

The Bone that does not move when muscle Shortens.

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2
Q

What is the Insertion of a Muscle?

A

The Moveable portion of the bone.

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3
Q

What is the Belly of a Muscle?

A

The Fleshy portion between attachment sites of the muscle.

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4
Q

In relation to Lever action of a Muscle what is Resistance?

A

This is the (Load) that is placed on the muscle.
Such as Weight of the body or added weight.
This opposes the Movement of the contracting muscle.

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5
Q

In relation to Lever action of a muscle what is Effort?

A

This is the Muscle contracting and is the cause of the movement.

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6
Q

In relation to Lever action of a muscle what is the Fulcrum?

A

This is the joint and thew fixed point in the Movement.

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7
Q

In relation to Lever action of a muscle what is the leverage?

A

This is the Maximum ability to move bones through a movement.
Mechanical Advantage gained by a lever.
It is largely responsible for a muscles strength and ROM.

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8
Q

In relation to Lever action of a muscle what is a First Class lever?

A

They have Mechanical Advantage or No mechanical Advantage depending on the Location of (Effort and Resistance)
Effort is further from the fulcrum (strong resistance can be moved)
Ex: Head resting on vertebral column.

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9
Q

In relation to Lever action of a muscle what is a Second Class lever?

A

There is Mechanical Advantage.
Sacrifices speed for Force.
Ex: Rising up on your toes.

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10
Q

In relation to Lever action of a muscle what is a Third class lever?

A 
Most common lever in the body. 
Mechanical Disadvantage. 
Effort is always closer to the Fulcrum than Resistance. 
Sacrifices Force for speed and ROM. 
Ex: Flexion at the Elbow joint.
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11
Q

For a Skeletal Muscle What is Fascicle Arrangement?

A

This is the Shape and Arrangement of the Fascicles in the muscle.

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12
Q

What is a Abbreviation for A Second Class lever?

A

(ELF) Effort, Load and Fulcrum

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13
Q

What is a Abbreviation for A Third class lever?

A

(FEL) Fulcrum, Effort and Load

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14
Q

how much does a Muscle shorten in length?

A

It shortens about 70% of its length.

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15
Q

What is the Prime Mover?

A

This is the muscle that produces the Desired movement.

Ex: Shoulder Abduction the deltoid would be the prime mover.

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16
Q

What is the Antagonist?

A

This is the muscle that Stretches and yields the prime mover.
Opposing the prime mover.
Ex: During shoulder Abduction the (Pec major, Lat, Teres major) would be the Antagonist.

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17
Q

What is the Synergist?

A

Stabilizes nearby the joints during desired action.

Ex: Shoulder Abduction the SITS muscles would be Synergist.

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18
Q

What is the Fixators?

A

They Stabilize the Origin of the Prime Mover.

Ex: Shoulder abduction the (Traps, Lats and Pec major) would be the Fixators.

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19
Q

What is Eccentric movements?

A

Contraction of the muscle when it is lengthened.

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20
Q

In relation to Fascicle Arrangement what is Parallel?

A

Fascicles parallel to the Longitudinal Axis of a muscle.

Terminate at ether end in flat tendons.

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21
Q

In relation to Fascicle Arrangement what is Fusiform?

A

Fascicles nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of a muscle.
Terminate in flat tendons, muscles taper towards tendons.
the diameter of the tendons is less than the belly.

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22
Q

In relation to Fascicle Arrangement what is Circular?

A

Fascicles are in concentric circular arrangements.

they form Sphincter muscles that enclose an orifice.

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23
Q

In relation to Fascicle Arrangement what is Triangular?

A

Fascicles spread over broad areas converging at thick central tendons.
Gives the muscle a triangular appearance.

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24
Q

In relation to Fascicle Arrangement what is Pennate?

A

Short Fascicles in relation to total muscle length, tendon extends nearly entire length of the muscle.

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25
Q

In relation to Fascicle Arrangement what is Unipennate?

A

Fascicles arranged on only one side of the tendon.

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26
Q

In relation to Fascicle Arrangement what is Bipennate?

A

Fascicles arranged on both sides of the centrally positioned tendon.

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27
Q

What is the name of the muscles that move the Eyeballs?

A

These muscles are called “Extrinsic Eye muscles”.

28
Q

What is the name of the muscles that move the Eyeballs?

A

These muscles are called “Extrinsic Eye muscles”.

This is because they originate outside the eyeballs in the orbit.

29
Q

What is the name of the muscles that move the Eyeballs?

A

These muscles are called “Extrinsic Eye muscles”.
This is because they originate outside the eyeballs in the orbit & insert on the outer surface of the “Sclera” the white surface of the eye.

30
Q

What is the name of the muscles that move the Eyeballs?

A

These muscles are called “Extrinsic Eye muscles”.
This is because they originate outside the eyeballs in the orbit & insert on the outer surface of the “Sclera” the white surface of the eye.

31
Q

What is the White surface of the eye where the Extrinsic eye muscles insert?

A

This is known as the Sclera.

32
Q

What is the White surface of the eye where the Extrinsic eye muscles insert?

A

This is known as the Sclera.

33
Q

What are the Fastest contracting and most accurate muscle in the body?

A

The Extrinsic eye muscles.

34
Q

How many pairs of Extrinsic eye muscles are there that control the movements of the eyeballs?

A

There is 3 pairs of Extrinsic eye muscles.

35
Q

What are the 3 pairs of Extrinsic eye muscles?

A

1: Superior and Inferior Recti
2: Lateral and Medial Recti
3: Superior and Inferir Obliques

36
Q

What are the 3 pairs of Extrinsic eye muscles?

A

1: Superior and Inferior Recti
2: Lateral and Medial Recti
3: Superior and Inferior Obliques

37
Q

What are the 3 pairs of Extrinsic eye muscles?

A

1: Superior and Inferior Recti
2: Lateral and Medial Recti
3: Superior and Inferior Obliques

38
Q

What do the 4 Recti Extrinsic Eye muscles arise from to attach to the Sclera?(White part of the eye)

A

They all arise from the common tendinous ring.

39
Q

What is the Origin of the Superior oblique extrinsic eye muscle?

A

Posterior near the Tendinous ring then passes anteriorly to the medial rectus muscle and ends in a round tendon.

40
Q

What are the actions of the Superior oblique extrinsic eye muscle?

A

Moves eyeball Inferiorly and laterally and then rotates them medially.

41
Q

What are the actions of the Inferior oblique extrinsic eye muscle?

A

Moves Eyeballs Superiorly and laterally then rotates them laterally.

42
Q

What is the condition Strabismus?

A

This is a hereditary condition or due to poor attachments of the Extrinsic eye muscles, problems with the brains control centre.
Causing them to produce “lazy Eye”?

43
Q

Where does the Separating septum of the tongue attach in the mouth?

A

It extends throughout the length of the tongue and inserts on the Hyoid bone.

44
Q

What is the actions of the Intrinsic Muscles of the tongue?

A

They help change the shape of the toungue

45
Q

Where do the Intrinsic muscles of the tongue insert and originate?

A

They do within the Tongue.

46
Q

What is the actions of the Intrinsic Muscles of the tongue?

A

They help change the shape of the tongue

47
Q

Where do the Intrinsic muscles of the tongue insert and originate?

A

They do within the Tongue.

Inserting on the lateral half of the tongue.

48
Q

What are the Extrinsic Muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus

49
Q

What is the (O) and (I) of Genioglossus?

A

(O) Mandible.

(I) Undersurface of Tongue and Hyoid bone.

50
Q

What is the (O) and (I) of Styloglossus?

A

(O) Styloid process of temporal bone.

(I) Side and undersurface of the tongue.

51
Q

What is the (O) and (I) of Hyoglossus?

A

(O) Greater horn and body of hyoid bone.

(I) Side of the tongue.

52
Q

What is the (O) and (I) of Palatoglossus?

A

(O) Anterior surface of Soft palate.

(I) Side of the tongue.

53
Q

What is the action of the Genioglossus?

A

Depression of tongue.

Protraction of the tongue.

54
Q

What is the action of the Styloglossus?

A

Elevates and Retracts the tongue.

55
Q

What is the Action of the Hyoglossus?

A

Depresses the tongue and draws down its sides.

56
Q

What is the Action of the Palatoglossus?

A

Elevates posterior portion of the tongue.

And draws soft palate done on tongue.

57
Q

What is the Action of the Palatoglossus?

A

Elevates posterior portion of the tongue.

And draws soft palate done on tongue.

58
Q

What are the muscles used for breathing?

A

Diaphragm

External intercostals / Internal

59
Q

What are the muscles used for breathing?

A

Diaphragm

External intercostals / Internal

60
Q

What is the (O) and (I) of the Diaphragm?

A

(O)

I

61
Q

What is the (O) and (I) of the Internal Intercostals?

A

(O)

I

62
Q

What is the (O) and (I) of the External Intercostals?

A

(O)

I

63
Q

What is the (O) and (I) of the Diaphragm?

A

(O) Xiphoid process, Costal Cartilage and adjacent ribs 7-12 and lumbar vertebra and their intervertebral disc.
(I) Central tendon.

64
Q

What are the muscles of the pelvic floor for a Male?

A

…

65
Q

What are the muscles of the pelvic floor for a female?

A

…

Myology 2 (9 decks)

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